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In this study, we assembled a complete mitochondrial genome of Codonobdella sp. sample from Lake Baikal, Russia and reassembled third party raw data of Piscicola geometra. Mitogenomes of both freshwater piscine leeches consist of 37 genes, including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two ribosomal genes (12S and 16S), 22 transport RNA genes, and one control region. The complete mitogenome of Codonobdella sp. is 14,486 bp long and A + T biased (75.51%). The complete mitogenome of Piscicola geometra is 14,788 bp long and A + T biased (78.27%).Natural food preservatives in the form of herb extracts and spices are increasing in popularity due to their potential to replace synthetic compounds traditionally used as food preservatives. Rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus) is an herb that has been traditionally used as an anti-inflammatory and analgesic agent, and currently is being studied for anti-cancer and hepatoprotective properties. Rosemary also has been reported to be an effective food preservative due to its high anti-oxidant and anti-microbial activities. These properties allow rosemary prevent microbial growth while decreasing food spoilage through oxidation. Rosemary contains several classes of compounds, including diterpenes, polyphenols, and flavonoids, which can differ between extracts depending on the extraction method. In particular, the diterpenes carnosol and carnosic acid are two of the most abundant phytochemicals found in rosemary, and these compounds contribute up to 90% of the anti-oxidant potential of the herb. Additionally, several in vivo studies have shown that rosemary administration has a positive impact on gastrointestinal (GI) health through decreased oxidative stress and inflammation in the GI tract. The objective of this review is to highlight the food preservative potential of rosemary and detail several studies that investigate rosemary to improve in vivo GI health.<br /><br /> Clinician-educators often need to produce scholarship for academic promotion. While some programs exist to help with faculty development skills, few provide adequate statistical training to help educators evaluate their work.<br /><br /> From January 2020 through January 2021, faculty at three academic centers attended one of five in-person or virtual seminars with dedicated statistical training for medical education interventions. These 90-minute seminars included a 45-minute PowerPoint presentation of common statistical tests used for educational interventions followed by small breakout groups to help attendees work on additional practice examples. After each seminar, surveys were distributed in person or virtually to obtain feedback.<br /><br /> Forty-three faculty attended the five seminars, with a range of surgical and nonsurgical specialties represented. Of these attendees, 38 (88%) completed session evaluations. The majority of respondents (<br /><br /> = 34, 90%) rated the session as extremely useful in helping them know how to use statistics in their scholarly work. Most participants agreed or strongly agreed they had adequate time to practice skills (<br /><br /> = 30, 79%). Self-rated confidence in using statistics was significantly higher after the session compared to before (3.00 post vs. 1.97 pre, <br /><br /> &lt; .0001). Most participants (<br /><br /> = 32, 84%) rated the session as excellent and the small-group practice as most useful (<br /><br /> = 16, 42%), but many (<br /><br /> = 26, 69%) wanted more skills practice.<br /><br /> This intervention shows that dedicated training on biostatistics used in educational interventions can help clinician-educators improve self-rated confidence and knowledge in choosing statistical tests in educational scholarship.<br /><br />This intervention shows that dedicated training on biostatistics used in educational interventions can help clinician-educators improve self-rated confidence and knowledge in choosing statistical tests in educational scholarship.Objective To avert staff shortages during the first wave of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in spring 2020, the medical faculties of the Technical University of Munich (TUM) and the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU) appealed to their students to volunteer for relief work. In this study, we examine the influence of psychological factors on the students' decisions to respond to this call or not. Methodology We report on a cross-sectional study based on an online survey among medical students at the TUM and LMU. The survey consisted of a questionnaire containing items on motivation and other factors related to the decision for or against volunteering. Questions were also asked about anxieties regarding COVID-19 and the occurrence of depressive symptoms, as well as about resilience. Results Responses from 244 participants were analysed. Students' decisions to volunteer revealed both altruistic and introjected motivations. For those students who did not volunteer, time overlaps and workload related to other activities played an important role. Between the two groups, no significant difference was detected in terms of their resilience and COVID-19-related anxieties. However, the non-volunteering students reported a significantly higher prevalence of depressive symptoms. Conclusion Sense of duty and the desire to help were, according to the students, the most important reasons for volunteering. Depressive symptoms and lack of time made volunteering less likely. Resilience and COVID-19-related anxieties do not seem to have had any influence on the decision to volunteer or not.The relevance and importance of the medical interview has been challenged with improved imaging technologies, web-based medicine, and use of artificial intelligence. The medical interview has three goals Acquiring accurate medical data about the patient and the etiology of symptoms and signs, learning about the patient's personality, culture, and beliefs, and creating and building trust with the patient. Reduced human resources in the medical system and increased crowding in the interview setting, such as the emergency room and outpatient clinics, have strengthened the need for high quality and efficient interviews that fulfils the three goals of the interview. This manuscript proposes a structured six methods that contribute to the quality and efficiency of the medical interview with special focus on learning about the patients' life and creating trust with him.Background Previous research suggests that cardiac examination skills in undergraduate medical students frequently need improvement. There are different ways to enhance physical examination (PE) skills such as simulator-based training or peer-assisted learning (PAL). Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a structured, simulator-assisted, peer-led training on cardiovascular PE. Methods Participants were third-year medical students at Leipzig University Faculty of Medicine. Students were randomly assigned to an intervention group (IG) and a control group (CG). In addition to standard curricular training, IG received a peer-led, simulator-based training in cardiac PE. Participant performance in cardiac PE was assessed using a standardized checklist with a maximum of 25 points. Primary outcome was assessed via checklist point distribution. Results 89 students were randomised to either CG (n=43) or IG (n=46) with 70 completing the study. Overall, IG students performed significantly better than CG students did (max. points 25, M±SD in IG was 17±3, in CG 12±4, p less then .0001). Simple mistakes such as not using the stethoscope correctly were more frequent in CG students. Prior experience did not lead to a significant difference in performance. Conclusions Structured, peer-led and simulator-assisted teaching sessions improve cardiac PE skills in this setting compared to control students that did not receive this training.Objectives To explore medical students' attitudes towards communication skills and the evolution of these attitudes from their first to fourth academic years. Methods A cohort of 91 medical students completed the Communication Skills Attitudes Scale (CSAS) at the beginning of their medical studies and at the end of their fourth year after having engaged in a training program in communication skills with experiential characteristics (individual encounters with simulated patients, observations in small groups, feedback, and practice). We analyzed students' positive and negative global attitudes and their affective, cognitive, and respect dimensions towards learning communication skills. Results Medical students' attitudes toward communication skills declined from their first (52.8) to fourth year (49.6) (p=.011). Along with this significant decrease in positive attitudes, a significant increase in negative attitudes toward communication skills was also observed in trained students (32.2 vs. 34.2; p=.023). The decline in students' attitudes mainly involves a decline in their affective (51.4 vs. 47.3, p=.001) but not cognitive (18.3) attitudes. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/AZD0530.html this website] Female students have more positive attitudes towards communication skills than male students. Conclusions The decline in students' attitudes, mainly in the affective dimension, could be related to their accumulated learning experiences during the learning process and particularly their experiential training in communication skills. Nevertheless, the importance students give to communication skills in the cognitive dimension remains unchanged. Students' gender also seems to influence their attitudes. Further research is needed to assess the role of other factors involved in this decrease in positive and affective attitudes.Background Ward rounds (WR) have been integral to the process of teaching and learning medicine and also provides a vital opportunity to communicate with the patient, their relatives, and other healthcare professionals. Yet in recent years trainees' perception of the educational value of WRs seems to have declined. Objectives The aim of this study to assess trainees' perception of the educational value of WRs at King Abdulaziz Medical City(KAMC), Riyadh, a 1500 bed academic hospital in Saudi Arabia. Methods A self-administered, paper-based survey was distributed to physicians in training at KAMC between October and December 2019. All residents who attended WRs were invited to participate. The questionnaire was adapted from a survey used in a previous study. The demographic section requested details of the respondent's age, gender, specialty, and seniority. The second and third sections asked about the logistics of current ward round practices. It included several questions on the structure as well as the duraf our trainees felt that the WR was educationally very useful to 86 (52%) and attribute to at least a third of the education they receive during their training. They also reported that about the quarter of the time spent on WRs is devoted to teaching. The good teacher described as enthusiastic to teach 137 (82.5%), provide feedback to trainees 135 (81%), do not rush 139(83.7), communicate to trainee 144 (86.7), and consultant level,101 (60.8). Trainees also identify a few factors that hinder their training such as lack of time 130 (79%), and the number of patients 129 (78.3). Conclusion This study identifies the strengths and weaknesses of WR in our institution. Finding will help training supervisors in addressing and rectifying these shortcoming and factors hinder training.