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Sixty-one young patients and 154 older patients were included in the study. The highest HU value was in the roof of the acetabulum regardless of age and sex. HU values were significantly higher in the ischial tuberosity and body of the ilium and lower in the pubic bone and anterior wall. The HU values in all pelvic areas were significantly lower in the older group than in the young group, especially in the anterior area.<br /><br /> HU values in the 6 pelvic areas were not uniform and were strongly related to load distribution. The HU distribution and age-related differences could explain the characteristic causes and patterns of acetabular fractures in the older and may help in surgical treatment.<br /><br />HU values in the 6 pelvic areas were not uniform and were strongly related to load distribution. The HU distribution and age-related differences could explain the characteristic causes and patterns of acetabular fractures in the older and may help in surgical treatment.<br /><br /> This study was performed to evaluate the long-term clinical efficacy of the CA implants (Osstem Implant, Busan, Korea), calcium-modified surfaced treated implants on acid-etched surfaces sandblasted with alumina.<br /><br /> From January 2013 to December 2015, 258 implants of 120 patients placed between 2013 and 2015 were retrospectively studied. Using medical records and periapical radiographs, sex, age, location, fixture width and length of placed implants, presence or absence of bone graft, types of bone substitutes and membrane used for bone grafting, primary and secondary stability, initial and delayed complications, and marginal bone loss were investigated. The success rate and survival rate of the implants in each group were analyzed retrospectively based on the criteria suggested by Albrektsson et al. RESULTS Between 2013 and 2015, with a follow-up longer than 5years, 258 implants with an average diameter of 4.63mm (3.5-5.5mm) and an average length of 9.94mm (7.0-13.0mm) were placed in a total of 120 patientsof the implant was excellent, with no cases of failed implants in delayed placement after bone grafting and a healing period.<br /><br /> Since colon cancer stem cells (CSCs) play an important role in chemoresistance and in tumor recurrence and metastasis, targeting of CSCs has emerged as a sophisticated strategy for cancer therapy. α-mangostin (αM) has been confirmed to have antiproliferative and apoptotic effects on cancer cells. This study aimed to evaluate the selective inhibition of αM on CSCs in colorectal cancer (CRC) and the suppressive effect on 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced CSCs.<br /><br /> The cell viability assay was performed to determine the optimal concentration of αM. A sphere forming assay and flow cytometry with CSC markers were carried out to evaluate the αM-mediated inhibition of CSCs. Western blot analysis and quantitative real-time PCR were performed to investigate the effects of αM on the Notch signaling pathway and colon CSCs. The in vivo anticancer efficacy of αM in combination with 5-FU was investigated using a xenograft mouse model.<br /><br /> αM inhibited the cell viability and reduced the number of spheres in HT29 and SW620 cells. αM treatment decreased CSCs and suppressed the 5-FU-induced an increase in CSCs on flow cytometry. αM markedly suppressed Notch1, NICD1, and Hes1 in the Notch signaling pathway in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Moreover, αM attenuated CSC markers CD44 and CD133, in a manner similar to that upon DAPT treatment, in HT29 cells. In xenograft mice, the tumor and CSC makers were suppressed in the αM group and in the αM group with 5-FU treatment.<br /><br /> This study shows that low-dose αM inhibits CSCs in CRC and suppresses 5-FU-induced augmentation of CSCs via the Notch signaling pathway.<br /><br />This study shows that low-dose αM inhibits CSCs in CRC and suppresses 5-FU-induced augmentation of CSCs via the Notch signaling pathway.<br /><br /> Pyroptosis is a highly programmed inflammatory cell death process that represents an innate immune response. In this study, the occurrence of pyroptosis in rat mesangial cells (RMCs) and the effect of Huaier (Trametes robiniophia Murr) on this process were investigated.<br /><br /> RMCs were incubated with OX7 antibodies (0.5 μg/ml, 2.5 μg/ml, 10 μg/ml), normal rat serum (NRS) and Huaier (1 mg/ml, 5 mg/ml, 10 mg/ml). RMC morphology was observed under a light microscope and by immunofluorescence. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release was assessed using the CytoTox 96 Non-Radioactive Cytotoxicity Assay Kit. Western blot assays were performed, and then the RMCs were incubated with the methylase DNMT3B and the demethylase 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine.<br /><br /> Morphological, LDH, immunofluorescence and western blot analyses showed that RMCs were lysed when stimulated with OX7 antibodies and NRS. RMC lysis released inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-18, interleukin-1β, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and intracellular adhesion molecule-1), and Huaier protected RMCs by controlling lysis and the levels of inflammatory cytokines. Lysis was mediated by pyroptosis due to the positive expression of GSDME. The methylase DNMT3B reduced the expression of GSDME induced by OX7 together with NRS. Furthermore, Huaier significantly suppressed the expression of GSDME, which was increased by 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine.<br /><br /> Pyroptosis might occur in RMCs, and Huaier can protect RMCs by upregulating the methylation of a group of molecules.<br /><br />Pyroptosis might occur in RMCs, and Huaier can protect RMCs by upregulating the methylation of a group of molecules.<br /><br /> Multiple surgical approaches have been studied and accepted for the removal of highly downward migrated lumbar disc herniation (LDH). Here, we investigated the efficacy and safety of full-endoscopic foraminoplasty for highly downward migrated LDH.<br /><br /> Thirty-seven patients with highly down-migrated LDH treated by the full-endoscopic foraminoplasty between January 2018 and January 2020 were retrospectively investigated. Clinical parameters were evaluated preoperatively and 1, 6, and 12 months postoperatively, using pre- and post-operative Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores for functional improvement, visual analog scale (VAS) for leg and back pain, and modified MacNab criteria for patients satisfactory.<br /><br /> Thirty-seven patients with highly downward migrated LDH were successfully removed via the transforaminal full-endoscopic discectomy. The average VAS back and leg pain scores were significantly reduced from 7.41 ± 1.17 and 8.68 ± 1.06 before operation to 3.14 ± 0.89 and 2.70 ± 0.46 at postoperative 1 month, and 1.76 ± 0.59 and 0.92 ± 0.28 at postoperative 12 months, respectively (P &lt; 0.05). The average ODI scores were reduced from 92.86 ± 6.41 to 15.30 ± 4.43 at postoperative 1 month, and 9.81 ± 3.24 at postoperative 12 months (P &lt; 0.05). Based on the modifed MacNab criteria, 36 out of 37 patients (97.30%) were rated as excellent or good outcomes.<br /><br /> The full-endoscopic foraminoplasty can be used successfully for surgical removal of high grade down-migrated LDH, and it could serve as an efficient alternative technique for patients with highly downward migrated LDH.<br /><br />The full-endoscopic foraminoplasty can be used successfully for surgical removal of high grade down-migrated LDH, and it could serve as an efficient alternative technique for patients with highly downward migrated LDH.<br /><br /> ApoE gene polymorphism and serum total homocysteine (tHcy) has been reportedly associated with cognition. In this study, we assessed the association of combined ApoE gene polymorphism and tHcy with cognition in Chinese elder adults.<br /><br /> A cross- sectional study was carried out by recruiting 1458 community-dwelling people aged 55+ and above in Beijing in 2009. All participants were interviewed using a standard questionnaire and underwent a physical examination. The mini-mental scale examination (MMSE) score was used in assessing cognitive function. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/gant61.html learn more] Fasting venous blood samples were taken for ApoE rs429358, rs7412 genotyping, tHcy and other serum lipid measurements.<br /><br /> Participants with high serum tHcy level showed a relatively lower orientation, attention abilities as well as the total MMSE score than the group with normal tHcy after adjusting confounding factors. ApoE rs429358 and rs7412 variants were observed to have the highest serum TC and TG level in the subjects with high serum tHcy level (p &lt; 0.05). Cognition of the subjects was found to be significantly associated with high serum tHcy level and ApoE genetic polymorphism (p &lt; 0.05). Independent of age, BMI, education levels, smoking and alcohol drinking, the worst cognitive ability were detected in the high serum tHcy level subjects with ApoE rs429358C/T and rs7412 C/T as compare with other groups, especially orientation function, memory and delayed recall ability and attention ability.<br /><br /> High serum tHcy level in combination with ApoE rs429358 and rs7412 variants might be linked with serum lipid levels and cognition, particularly for orientation function and memory and delayed recall ability in old Chinese adults.<br /><br />High serum tHcy level in combination with ApoE rs429358 and rs7412 variants might be linked with serum lipid levels and cognition, particularly for orientation function and memory and delayed recall ability in old Chinese adults.<br /><br /> To investigate the need for ureteral reimplantation for vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) during augmentation cystoplasty (AC) in the long term.<br /><br /> A total of 19 patients with a median age at surgery of 14years (3-38years) who underwent AC for neurogenic bladder with VUR between 1983 and 2016 were included in this study. The changes in VUR grade and urodynamic findings were retrospectively evaluated. We evaluated the renal function by periodic inspection of serum creatinine level and estimated glomerular filtration rate; eGFR.<br /><br /> The median follow-up period from AC was 14.8years (5.7-30years). VUR was detected in 19 patients, involving 27 ureters. Reflux grade was V in 6, IV in 9, III in 5, II in 6, and I in 1. Ureteral reimplantation was not performed in 18 patients (26 ureters), whereas it was done for 1 patient (1 ureter) in the early era of our experience. Postoperative videourodynamics showed that the reflux was radiologically not verifiable in 23 ureters (85%), was downgraded in 3 ureters (11%), and was unchanged in 1 ureter (3%). There were no cases of deterioration of VUR.<br /><br /> Ureteral reimplantation is not necessary for VUR during augmentation cystoplasty.<br /><br />Ureteral reimplantation is not necessary for VUR during augmentation cystoplasty.<br /><br /> Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is among the most common and disabling persistent pain conditions, with increasing prevalence and impact around the globe. In the U.S., the rising prevalence of knee OA has been paralleled by an increase in annual rates of total knee arthroplasty (TKA), a surgical treatment option for late-stage knee OA. While TKA outcomes are generally good, post-operative trajectories of pain and functional status vary substantially; a significant minority of patients report ongoing pain and impaired function following TKA. A number of studies have identified sets of biopsychosocial risk factors for poor post-TKA outcomes (e.g., comorbidities, negative affect, sensory sensitivity), but few prospective studies have systematically evaluated the unique and combined influence of a broad array of factors.<br /><br /> This multi-site longitudinal cohort study investigated predictors of 6-month pain and functional outcomes following TKA. A wide spectrum of relevant biopsychosocial predictors was assessed preoperatively by medical history, patient-reported questionnaire, functional testing, and quantitative sensory testing in 248 patients undergoing TKA, and subsequently examined for their predictive capacity.