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fascia and P. pavonica, respectively. The highest reduction in optical density for both 2 and 4 µg mL-1 was achieved by the nanoparticles synthesized by P. fascia. Novelty StatementApplication of nanoparticles using seaweeds extracts could be alternative safe bioremediation of wastewaters. Currently, iron oxide nanoparticles are used to reduce nitrogen and phosphorus and reduce the blooming of harmful algae; little information about this issue has been reported. Such study also presented the anti-algal impacts of Fe3O4-NPs by tracing optical density and Chl a concentrations in the examined real seawater samples. Modern biotechnology to develop phytoremediation and seaweeds to enhance these remediation methods can be adopted.In this paper, we describe our approach to individualizing messages to promote the health of middle-aged and older heterosexual, cisgender African American men. After arguing the importance of being population specific, we describe the process we use to increase the salience of health messages for this population by operationalizing the identity concepts of centrality and contextualization. We also present a measure of African American manhood and discuss how manhood is congruent with qualitative research that describes how African American men view their values, identities, goals, and aspirations in ways that can be utilized to create more meaningful and impactful messages to promote and maintain health behaviors. Our tailoring strategy uses an intersectional approach that considers how the centrality of racial identity and manhood and the salience of religiosity, spirituality, and role strains may help to increase the impact of health messages. We highlight the need to consider how the context of health behavior and the meaning ascribed to certain behaviors are gendered, not only from a man's perspective, but also how his social networks, behavioral context, and the dynamic sociopolitical climate may consider gendered ideals in ways that shape behavior. We close by discussing the need to apply this approach to other populations of men, women, and those who are non-gender binary because this strategy builds from the population of interest and incorporates factors that they deem central and salient to their identities and behaviors. These factors are important to consider in interventions using health messages to pursue health equity.This systematic review, the first on this topic, aimed to investigate if probe-tube verification of real-ear hearing aid amplification characteristics improves outcomes in adults. The review was preregistered in the Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews and performed in accordance with the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. After assessing more than 1,420 records from seven databases, six experimental studies (published between 2012 and 2019) met the inclusion criteria; five were included in the meta-analyses. The primary outcome of interest (hearing-specific, health-related quality of life) was not reported in any study. There were moderate and statistically significant positive effects of probe-tube real-ear measurement (REM), compared with the manufacturer's initial fit, on speech intelligibility in quiet settings (standardized mean difference [SMD] 0.59) and user's final preference (proportion difference 52.2%). There were small but statistically significant positive effects of REM on self-reported listening abilities (SMD 0.22) and speech intelligibility in noise (SMD 0.15). The quality of evidence for these outcomes ranged from high to very low. The findings show that REMs improve outcomes statistically, but this is based on a small number of studies and a limited number of participants. It is currently unclear if the benefits are of material importance because minimum clinically important differences have not been established for most of the outcomes. Ultimately, there needs to be a cost-effectiveness analysis to show that statistically significant benefits, which exceed the minimum clinically important difference, are worth the cost involved.Men who have sex with men (MSM) have a high prevalence of hazardous alcohol consumption. While network-level characteristics such as social network size have been indicated as upstream determinants of alcohol use in general population samples, no studies have examined factors associated with alcohol using network size (ANS), among MSM.This secondary analysis examined demographic, substance use, and sexual behavior correlates of ANS using data from a diverse sample of alcohol-using MSM in San Francisco (N = 252). Associations were calculated using multivariable negative binomial regression, adjusting for age, race, education, and employment.The median ANS was 10. Factors associated with larger ANS in multivariable analyses included identifying as Hispanic/Latino, having completed a college education or higher, having a higher Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) score, having a greater number of sexual partners, polysubstance use, and being unaware of one's own HIV status. Factors associated with smaller ANS included being between 18 and 24 years of age, reporting a low income, and having any lifetime history of injection drug use.For MSM, ANS was associated with increased likelihood of hazardous alcohol use, as well specific individual-level substance use and sexual risk behaviors. These results highlight the role of ANS in hazardous alcohol consumption and sexually transmitted infection transmission among MSM. These results also indicate ways that research and intervention programs aimed at reducing alcohol use among MSM might be improved through network-based recruitment or engagement. Finally, these results suggest the need for further research on HIV-unknown MSM.<br /><br /> Historically, health research in the Arctic has focused on documenting ill-health using a narrow set of deficit-oriented epidemiologic indicators (i.e., prevalence of disease and mortality rates). While useful, this type of research does not adequately capture the breadth and complexities of community health and well-being, and fails to highlight solutions. A community's context, strengths, and continued expressions of well-being need to guide inquiries, inform processes, and contextualize recommendations. In this paper, we present a conceptual framework developed to address the aforementioned concerns and inform community-led health and social research in the Arctic.<br /><br /> The proposed framework is informed by our collective collaborations with circumpolar communities, and syntheses of individual and group research undertaken throughout the Circumpolar North. Our framework encourages investigation into the contextual factors that promote circumpolar communities to thrive.<br /><br /> Our framework centers on the visual so dive below the surface using participatory methodology to investigate contextual factors that support thriving communities.Understanding whether a sequence is presented in an order or not (i.e., ordinality) is a robust predictor of adults' arithmetic performance, but the mechanisms underlying this skill and its relationship with mathematics remain unclear. In this study, we examined (a) the cognitive strategies involved in ordinality inferred from behavioural effects observed in different types of sequences and (b) whether ordinality is also related to mathematical reasoning besides arithmetic. In Experiment 1, participants performed an arithmetic, a mathematical reasoning test, and an order task, which had balanced trials on the basis of order, direction, regularity, and distance. We observed standard distance effects (DEs) for ordered and non-ordered sequences, which suggest reliance on magnitude comparison strategies. This contradicts past studies that reported reversed distance effects (RDEs) for some types of sequences, which suggest reliance on retrieval strategies. Also, we found that ordinality predicted arithmetic but not mathematical reasoning when controlling for fluid intelligence. In Experiment 2, we investigated whether the aforementioned absence of RDEs was because of our trial list composition. Participants performed two order tasks in both tasks, no RDE was found demonstrating the fragility of the RDE. In addition, results showed that the strategies used when processing ordinality were modulated by the trial list composition and presentation order of the tasks. Altogether, these findings reveal that ordinality is strongly related to arithmetic and that the strategies used when processing ordinality are highly dependent on the context in which the task is presented.Variability in appearance across different images of the same unfamiliar face often causes participants to perceive different faces. Because perceptual information is not sufficient to link these encounters, top-down guidance may be critical in the initial stages of face learning. Here, we examine the interaction between top-down guidance and perceptual information when forming memory representations of unfamiliar faces. In two experiments, we manipulated the names associated with images of a target face that participants had to find in a search array. In Experiment 1, wrongly labelling two images of the same face with different names resulted in more errors relative to when the faces were labelled correctly. In Experiment 2, we compared this cost of mislabelling with the established "dual-target search cost," where searching for two targets produces more search errors relative to one target. We found search costs when searching for two different faces, but not when searching for mislabelled images of the same face. Together, these results suggest that perceptual and semantic information interact when we form face memory representations. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ml-si3.html MLSI3] Mislabelling the identity of perceptually similar faces does not cause dual representations to be created, but rather it impedes the process of forming a single robust representation.This study examines how optimistic bias moderates the association of direct-to-consumer prescription drug advertising (DTCA) exposure with consumers' responses to DTCA. We propose and test a model that addresses how exposure to DTCA plays a role in health risk assessment and prescription drug decision engagement. Findings from an online survey of U.S. adults (n = 628) demonstrated that exposure to DTCA is positively associated with consumers' perceived susceptibility and negatively associated with optimistic bias about health risk. The relationship between DTCA exposure and prescription decision engagement was mediated through perceived susceptibility, and this process was moderated by optimistic bias. The study's theoretical implications are discussed along with its consumer and public health implications.Four new phenylspirodrimanes, stachybotranes A-D (1-4), along with seven known analogues (5-11), were isolated from the extract of a wetland fungal strain Stachybotrys chartarum DTH12-9. The structures of new compounds were determined by spectroscopic analyses, X-ray crystallographic analysis, and the CD analysis of the in situ formed [Rh2(OCOCF3)4] complex. Compounds 1-3, 5-8, and 10 were evaluated for in vitro cytotoxicity against five human cancer cell lines, HL-60, SMMC-7721, A-549, MCF-7, and SW-480. Compounds 1, 2, and 7 exhibited moderate cytotoxic potency against various human cancer cell lines.