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1 mol% and 51.8 mol%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strains DP07T and DP05T formed close phylogenetic lineages with Maritimibacter alkaliphilus HTCC2654T (similarity, 98.1%) and Sneathiella chungangensis CAU 1294 T (similarity, 98.5%), respectively. The average nucleotide identity and DNA-DNA hybridisation values between strain DP07T and M. alkaliphilus were 80.0% and 23.0%, respectively, and those between strain DP05T and S. chungangensis were 77.1% and 19.9%, respectively. Based on the results of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and molecular analyses, strains DP07T and DP05T represent two novel species of the genera Maritimibacter and Sneathiella, respectively, for which we propose the following names Maritimibacter harenae sp. nov. and Sneathiella litorea sp. nov. The type strains of M. harenae and S. litorea were DP07T (= KACC 21429 T = JCM 33811 T) and DP05T (= KACC 21431 T = JCM 33810 T), respectively.<br /><br /> Treatment options for unresectable, locally advanced or metastatic penile squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are limited. Previous studies have shown that 40-62% of patients with penile SCC express PD-L1. We report three cases of locally advanced or metastatic penile SCC treated with pembrolizumab.<br /><br /> Herein, we present three patients with recurrent, locally advanced or metastatic penile SCC who progressed on a platinum-based chemotherapy triplet and were treated with pembrolizumab, administered as part of a phase II clinical trial for rare tumors (NCT02721732). One patient with a microsatellite instability high (MSI-H) tumor experienced a durable partial response to pembrolizumab, underwent surgical consolidation, and remains disease-free 38.7months later. Two patients experienced progressive disease within 3months of beginning pembrolizumab. No one experienced a grade 3 or worse treatment-related adverse event.<br /><br /> In sum, single-agent pembrolizumab was well tolerated as salvage therapy in a small cohort of patients with unresectable, locally advanced or metastatic penile SCC. Pembrolizumab produced an objective response in an MSI-H tumor, yet it did not control disease in two patients with MSS penile SCC. Rationale combination therapies, including pembrolizumab, warrant further investigation.<br /><br /> ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02721732 . Registered March 23, 2016.<br /><br />ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02721732 . Registered March 23, 2016.Recently there has been considerable interest in the problem of finding a phylogenetic network with a minimum number of reticulation vertices which displays a given set of phylogenetic trees, that is, a network with minimum hybrid number. Such networks are useful for representing the evolution of species whose genomes have undergone processes such as lateral gene transfer and recombination that cannot be represented appropriately by a phylogenetic tree. Even so, as was recently pointed out in the literature, insisting that a network displays the set of trees can be an overly restrictive assumption when modeling certain evolutionary phenomena such as incomplete lineage sorting. In this paper, we thus consider the less restrictive notion of rigidly displaying which we introduce and study here. More specifically, we characterize when two trees can be rigidly displayed by a certain type of phylogenetic network called a temporal tree-child network in terms of fork-picking sequences. These are sequences of special subconfigurations of the two trees related to the well-studied cherry-picking sequences. We also show that, in case it exists, the rigid hybrid number for two phylogenetic trees is given by a minimum weight fork-picking sequence for the trees. Finally, we consider the relationship between the rigid hybrid number and three closely related numbers; the weak, beaded, and temporal hybrid numbers. In particular, we show that these numbers can all be different even for a fixed pair of trees, and also present an infinite family of pairs of trees which demonstrates that the difference between the rigid hybrid number and the temporal-hybrid number for two phylogenetic trees on the same set of n leaves can grow at least linearly with n.<br /><br /> The study aimed to determine whether magnetic resonance thoracic ductography (MRTD) is useful for preventing injury to the thoracic duct (TD) during thoracoscopic esophagectomy and for reducing the incidence of postoperative chylothorax.<br /><br /> A total of 389 patients underwent thoracoscopic esophagectomy between September 2009 and February 2019 in Tokai University Hospital. Of them, we evaluated 228 patients who underwent preoperative MRTD (MRTD group) using Adachi's classification and our novel classification (Tokai classification). Then, the clinicopathological factors of the MRTD group (n = 228) were compared with those of the non-MRTD group (n = 161), and comparative analyses were conducted after propensity score matching (PSM).<br /><br /> The TD could be visualized by MRTD in 228 patients. The MRTD findings were divided into 9 classifications including normal findings and abnormal TD findings (Adachi classification vs Tokai classification; 5.3% vs 16.2%). After PSM, both groups consisted of 128 patients. The rate of postoperative chylothorax after thoracoscopic esophagectomy was significantly lower in the MRTD group (0.8%) than in the non-MRTD group (6.3%) (p = 0.036). In the multivariate analysis for risk factors for chylothorax, the independent prognostic factors were preoperative therapy and the presence of MRTD.<br /><br /> This study revealed that MRTD was useful for preventing of chylothorax after thoracoscopic esophagectomy for esophageal cancer.<br /><br />This study revealed that MRTD was useful for preventing of chylothorax after thoracoscopic esophagectomy for esophageal cancer.The effects of six polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on the activity of V79 cells were studied by using a miniature electrochemical system based on graphene oxide quantum dots and multiwall carbon nanotubes modified anodized screen printed carbon electrode. The cytotoxicity sequence of PAHs on V79 cells was different with guanine/xanthine (G/X), adenine (A), hypoxanthine (HX), and the end product of purine nucleotide catabolism, uric acid (UA), as biomarkers. The IC50 values measured with UA as the biomarker were the lowest, indicating that UA in cells was more sensitive to PAHs. The cytotoxicity sequence with G/X as the biomarker was the same as that of the MTT assay pyrene &gt; phenanthrene &gt; benzo[a]pyrene &gt; fluoranthene &gt; fluorene &gt; naphthalene. The cytotoxicity sequences measured by different biomarkers varied, which related to different structures that may influence the expression of the cellular aryl hydrocarbon receptor, gap junctional intercellular communication, and p53 protein. PAHs with different structures played varied roles in cell development and differentiation. Additionally, the electrochemical method was more sensitive than the MTT assay. The miniature electrochemical system enabled the simultaneous detection of four signals in cells, providing more information for multi-parameter evaluation and toxic mechanism study of PAHs and other pollutants.Productivity of traditional backyard poultry in developing countries can be enhanced by introduction of improved germplasm of backyard chicken which is adaptable to diverse ago-climatic condition. The growth and reproductive performance of parents of improved backyard chicken (Vanaraja and Srinidhi) were evaluated under intensive production system in humid sub-tropical region of North East India. We also evaluated the growth performance and mortality in terminal crosses of above parents until 6 weeks of age. At day 0 and at 25 weeks of age, body weight of Srinidhi male parent was significantly (P less then 0.05) higher than Vanaraja male parent. During brooding stage, mortality was 15.7% in Srinidhi male parent, 14.5% in Vanaraja male parent, 13.9% in Srinidhi female parent, and 8% in Vanaraja female parent. Hen-day egg production (HDEP) of Vanaraja female parent varied from 0.2 at 25 weeks to 54.9% at 54th weeks of age. In Srinidhi female parent, HDEP reached 60% at 35 weeks and peaked 63.9% at 39 weeks of ation of North East India. These birds could be introduced in the region on large scale for up-scaling of traditional backyard poultry.The germline is a key feature of sexual animals and the ways in which it separates from the soma differ widely across Metazoa. However, at least at some point during germline differentiation, some cytoplasmic supramolecular structures (collectively called germ plasm-related structures) are present and involved in its specification and/or differentiation. The factors involved in the assembly of these granular structures are various and non-ubiquitous among animals, even if some functional patterns and the presence of certain domains appear to be shared among some. For instance, the LOTUS domain is shared by Oskar, the Holometabola germ plasm master regulator, and some Tudor-family proteins assessed as being involved in the proper assembly of germ granules of different animals. Here, we looked for the presence of LOTUS-containing proteins in the transcriptome of Ruditapes philippinarum (Bivalvia). Such species is of particular interest because it displays annual renewal of gonads, sided by the renewal of germline differentiation pathways. Moreover, previous works have identified in its early germ cells cytoplasmic granules containing germline determinants. We selected the orthologue of TDRD7 as a candidate involved in the early steps of germline differentiation through bioinformatic predictions and immunohistological patterning (immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence). We observed the expression of the protein in putative precursors of germline cells, upstream to the germline marker Vasa. This, added to the fact that orthologues of this protein are involved in the assembly of germ granules in mouse, zebrafish, and fly, makes it a worthy study unit for investigations on the formation of such structures in bivalves.<br /><br /> Acute kidney Injury (AKI) in children undergoing cardiac surgery (CS) is strongly associated with hospital morbidity. Post-discharge CS AKI outcomes are less clear. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Perifosine.html Perifosine concentration] We evaluated associations between AKI and post-discharge (a) healthcare utilization, (b) chronic kidney disease (CKD) or hypertension and (c) mortality.<br /><br /> This is a retrospective two-centre cohort study of children surviving to hospital discharge after CS. Primary exposures were post-operative ≥Stage 1 AKI and ≥Stage 2 AKI defined by Kidney Disease Impoving Global Outcomes. Association of AKI with time to outcomes was determined using multivariable Cox-Proportional Hazards analysis.<br /><br /> Of 350 participants included (age 3.1 (4.5) years), 180 [51.4%] developed AKI and 60 [17.1%] developed ≥Stage 2 AKI. Twenty-eight (9%) participants developed CKD or hypertension (composite outcome), and 17 (5%) died within 5 years of discharge. Post-operative ≥Stage 1 and ≥Stage 2 AKI were not associated with post-discharge hospitalizations, emergency room (ER) vison patterns and non-AKI risk factors for CKD, hypertension and mortality, to reduce adverse long-term outcomes after CS.<br /><br /> The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antioxidant effect of systemically administered caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) in periodontitis.<br /><br /> Forty rats were randomly divided into four groups control, lipopolysaccharide-induced experimental periodontitis (LPS), CAPE 5 LPS+5 μmol/kg/day CAPE, and CAPE 10 LPS+10 μmol/kg/day CAPE. Following lipopolysaccharide-induced experimental periodontitis, CAPE was administered intraperitoneally for 28 days. Gingival and serumal total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS) were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).<br /><br /> Gingival tissue TAS was significantly higher with CAPE application compared with the LPS group and was highest in the CAPE 10 group (p&lt;0.05). Gingival tissue TOS was highest in the LPS group, and both of the CAPE dosages decreased the gingival tissue TOS, with the highest decrease in the CAPE 10 group (p&lt;0.05). The differences were not significant for serumal TAS or TOS levels (p&gt;0.05).<br /><br /> The effect of CAPE on increased TAS and decreased TOS levels in inflamed gingival tissue indicates the antioxidant therapeutic potential of CAPE in periodontitis.