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804, p&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.587. Only LoS-Maximum Excursion was higher in the individuals&nbsp;≤&nbsp;65&nbsp;years (p&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.035). Significant correlations were found between NHPT-Dominant and LoS-Reaction Time, LoS-Maximum Excursion; NHPT-Non-dominant and LoS-Reaction Time, LoS-Endpoint Excursion, LoS-Maximum Excursion in the older group (p&nbsp; less then &nbsp;0.05). There was no difference manual dexterity and postural control according to age except for LoS-Maximum Excursion. LoS-Maximum Excursion was higher in the young group. The manual dexterity was associated with postural control in individuals over 65&nbsp;years of age with PD; however, not associated in younger individuals. Elevation of the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) has immense implication in the biological system. On the one hand, ROS promote the signaling cascades for the maintenance of normal physiological functions, the phenomenon referred to as redox biology, and on the other hand increased ROS can cause damages to the cellular macromolecules as well as genetic material, the process known as oxidative stress. Oxidative stress acts as an etiological factor for wide varieties of pathologies, cancer being one of them. ROS is regarded as a "double-edged sword" with respect to oncogenesis. It can suppress as well as promote the malignant progression depending on the type of signaling pathway it uses. Moreover, the attribution of ROS in promoting phenotypic plasticity as well as acquisition of stemness during neoplasia has become a wide area of research. The current review discussed all the aspects of ROS in the perspective of tumor biology with special reference to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem cells. OBJECTIVE To discuss the major milestones in the history of clinical research and how these correlate with the role of the clinical research nurse. DATA SOURCES Government Web sites, published articles, and grey literature. CONCLUSION The history of clinical research, drug development, and the regulations has come of age, and as a result clinical oncology research has a more defined scope and purpose. With the Oncology Nursing Society and the International Association of Clinical Research Nurses recognizing the scopes of practice for clinical research nursing, such roles are becoming more prevalent and integrated in oncology. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE It is vital for all clinical research nurses to understand and adhere to the laws and regulations related to clinical trials and human subject protection. The clinical research nurse must ensure good clinical practice and compliance with the regulations to ensure the integrity of the study. There are different types of clinical research, including behavioral, therapeutic, and nontherapeutic studies, where clinical research nurses must understand the treatments and the drug development process to better serve their patients. Histone lysine specific demethylase 1 (LSD1 or KDM1A) is a potential therapeutic target in oncology due to its overexpression in various human tumors. We report herein a new class of benzofuran acylhydrazones as potent LSD1 inhibitors. Among the 31 compounds prepared, 14 compounds exhibited excellent LSD1 inhibitory activity with IC50 values ranging from 7.2 to 68.8&nbsp;nM. In cellular assays, several compounds inhibited the proliferations of various cancer cell lines, including PC-3, MCG-803, U87 MG, PANC-1, HT-29 and MCF-7. This opens up the opportunity for further optimization and investigation of this class compounds for potential cancer treatment. Novel prostaglandin E2 receptor 4 (EP4) agonists featuring a pyridone core and an allylic alcohol ω-chain were discovered. These agonists were shown to be selective over EP1, EP2 and EP3. Analogs harboring a 4-carboxylic acid phenethyl α-chain displayed improved potency over those containing an n-heptanoic acid chain. Key SAR relationships were also identified. Molecular diagnostics are fast becoming a big business, with the promise of personalized medicine fueling the growth of "blockbuster" tests with high expectations for health system impact and commercial success. We investigate the polycentric regulatory regime for molecular diagnostics in the US, drawing attention to the prominent role of coverage and reimbursement systems in setting regulatory standards for this industry. We hone in on the private consultants who assist molecular diagnostics companies to gain broad clinical uptake of their products. Through a web-based search of consulting companies, analysis of their online materials, and 13 qualitative interviews with consultants, we describe the role of these actors in the coverage and reimbursement of novel diagnostics and highlight the production of evidence as a critical part of the process. We argue that consultants operate as regulatory intermediaries, helping to develop the evidentiary standards for payment decisions that ultimately benefit their clients, the manufacturers. We suggest that public policy discussions over how best to realize the promise of personalized medicine should be re-oriented to consider whose interests are represented in the regulatory regime governing access to these technologies. BACKGROUND Few studies focused on the prognosis of unilateral idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (UISSNHL) with vertigo. OBJECTIVES To describe how the semicircular canal (SCC) function tests may prove helpful in the diagnosis of UISSNHL with vertigo. MATERIAL AND METHODS 59 UISSNHL patients underwent audiometry, caloric test and video head impulse test (vHIT). The correlation between hearing loss and SCC dysfunction was analyzed. RESULTS The results showed significant differences of hearing loss grades (p&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.004) and hearing loss configurations (p&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.009) between UISSNHL patients with and without vertigo. In vHIT, the gains of horizontal canal (HC) and posterior canal (PC) were more frequently impaired compared with that of anterior canal (AC). The abnormal rate of caloric test was the highest, followed by the abnormal rates of HC and PC gain. A significant difference of abnormal rate of HC gain was only found between the mild and moderate UISSNHL patients with and without vertigo (p&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.029). CONCLUSION Abnormal SCC function happens frequently in patients with profound hearing loss. Ipsilesional abnormal vHIT (especially the HC gain) in the presence of abnormal caloric test is a pattern of findings observed in mild and moderate UISSNHL patients with vertigo. PURPOSE Determine the relationship between time elapsed between sequential bilateral cochlear implantation (BiCI) and speech intelligibility scores in post-lingually deafened adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospective review of post-lingually deafened adults who received bilateral cochlear implants from January 1, 2011 to January 1, 2018 at an ambulatory tertiary referral center. RESULTS 113 patients (226 cochlear implants) were initially reviewed, with 56 patients (112 implants) being included in the final analysis. Median inter-implant interval was 187.5&nbsp;days (IQ range 54.25-346.5). Maximum interval was 1787&nbsp;days. Mean age at first implant was 60.66&nbsp;±&nbsp;13.37. Bilateral AzBio score in quiet and inter-implant interval showed no significant correlation (r&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.034, p = 0.815). There was no significant difference in mean bilateral AzBio scores in quiet between the simultaneous and sequential implantation groups (p = 0.22). Similar non-significant results were seen when examining the correlation between AzBio Difference and inter-implant interval (r&nbsp;=&nbsp;-0.07, p = 0.66). No significant result between mean AzBio Difference of simultaneous and sequential implant recipients was found (p = 0.06). CONCLUSIONS For the inter-implant intervals examined, there seems to be no significant decline in speech intelligibility scores for patients receiving sequential bilateral cochlear implants compared to simultaneously implanted patients. There was no significant correlation noted between increasing inter-implant intervals and speech intelligibility scores. Soft-tissue sarcomas (STS) are a group of rare mesenchymal tumors that constitutes ∼1% of all solid tumors. It remains a rare tumor which lacks effective treatment options. Precision oncology may be of interest in this regard by identifying potential targets for emerging novel therapies. Neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase (NTRK) fusions are rare oncogenic driver mutations found in a broad range of common and rare tumor subtypes including STS. The recent approvals of NTRK inhibitors (larotrectinib and entrectinib) represent new therapeutic options in the drug armamentarium especially valuable in advanced STS given the paucity of treatment options and the generally poor prognosis of these tumors. We review the methods used to detect NTRK fusions in STS with focus on incidence, diagnosis and management of these rare and intriguing oncogenic targets. Gout is a chronic disease due to the deposition of monosodium urate microcrystals in joints and tissues. Its incidence and prevalence are increasing worldwide in close relation with the epidemic of obesity and metabolic syndrome. Gout is related to chronic hyperuricemia that should be treated to ensure the reduction or even the disappearance of acute attacks ("gout flares") and to reduce the size and number of tophi. If arthritis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint is the most typical form, other joints may be affected, including the spine. Demonstration of urate microcrystals arthritis allows diagnosis of gout but, in the absence of possibility of performing joint puncture, imaging may be useful for providing complementary diagnostic elements. Appropriate care is essential to reduce the number of flares and the evolution towards gouty arthropathy but also in terms of public health in order to reduce costs related to this pathology. INTRODUCTION Our objective was to determine whether there is a cut-off in the needleless connectors' (NCs) cultures that when combined with skin cultures it was as efficient as conventional superficial cultures to rule-out catheter colonization (CC) and catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI). METHODS During 10 months, we collected samples and then we analyzed the validity values of skin+NCs cultures for CC and CRBSI considering the best cut-off showing at least &gt;90% of specificity to have a high negative predictive value using a ROC curve. RESULTS We collected a total of 167 catheters. The optimal cut-off of NCs culture was 1000cfu/NC. The validity values for CC and CRBSI combining skin cultures and NCs cultures using the selected cut-off were, respectively S, 42.9%/16.7%; SP, 83.6%/75.8%; PPV, 27.3%/2.5%; and NPV, 91.0%/96.0%. CONCLUSIONS The combination of skin cultures and quantitative NCs cultures could be used for ruling-out CC and CRBSI. L.U.Antimicrobial agents play a key role in controlling and curing infectious disease. Soon after the discovery of the first antibiotic, the challenge of antibiotic resistance commenced. Antimicrobial agents use different mechanisms against bacteria to prevent their pathogenesis and they can be classified as bactericidal or bacteriostatic. Antibiotics are one of the antimicrobial agents which has several classes, each with different targets. Consequently, bacteria are endlessly using methods to overcome the effectivity of the antibiotics by using distinct types of mechanisms. Comprehending the mechanisms of resistance is vital for better understanding and to continue use of current antibiotics. Which also helps to formulate synthetic antimicrobials to overcome the current mechanism of resistance. Also, encourage in prudent use and misuse of antimicrobial agents. Thus, decline in treatment costs and in the rate of morbidity and mortality. This review will be concentrating on the mechanism of actions of several antibiotics and how bacteria develop resistance to them, as well as the method of acquiring the resistance in several bacteria and how can a strain be resistant to several types of antibiotics.