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Low temperature is a major environmental factor that severely impairs plant growth and productivity. Although the response to low temperature stress is well studied, the mechanisms of chilling tolerance are still not well understood. Here, we describe experiments that aimed to determine whether relative humidity (RH) contribute to chilling tolerance by regulating leaf water potential in watermelon seedlings. Plants exposed to chilling stress (10 °C/5 °C day/night) were severely wilted, and the water potential in their leaves was decreased. We found that maintaining high RH when plants were subjected to chilling-stress conditions attenuated the reduction in leaf water potential, reduced electrolyte leakage, improved the stability of photosynthesis, and alleviated chilling damage. Pretreatment with ABA increased chilling tolerance in low RH conditions but became ineffective in high RH conditions. Analysis of endogenous ABA content indicated that water potential mediated chilling tolerance was independent of ABA. Analysis of stomatal resistance indicated that the maintenance of water potential was related to stomatal resistance but that the balance between water absorption and loss is more important. In conclusion, high RH maintained leaf water potential and cell turgor, maintained better cell morphology, improved stomatal conductance and thus, ultimately improved the chilling tolerance of watermelon seedlings.The effect of foliar treatment with jasmonic acid at 0.5 mM (JA) and biochar (15 ton ha-1) as a soil amendment for the faba bean (Vicia faba L. Sakha 4) was studied under salinity conditions. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/pds-0330.html find more] Salt stress led to a significant decrease in leaf numbers, leaf areas and plants, chlorophyll content, relative water content, and yield parameters. In contrast, reactive oxygen species, the proline concentration, level of malondialdehyde, and amount of electrolyte leakage were noticeably increased during both seasons under salt levels of 1500 and 3000 ppm sodium chloride (NaCl). Also, enzyme activities (i.e., of superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, and glutathione reductase) were increased, especially under a high level of salinity stress (3000 ppm). Application of biochar, jasmonic acid, or biochar + jasmonic acid significantly reduced the catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione reductase activities in salt-stressed plants to values approaching those of the control (unstressed) plants, especially under 1500 ppm of NaCl stress. Biochar and jasmonic acid treatments mitigated the damaging effects of salinity and improved the plant status as indicated by the plant height, leaf area, relative water content, and chlorophyll a and b concentrations. Moreover, biochar and jasmonic acid treatments of the salt-stressed plants enhanced plant productivity, number of flowers, number of seeds per plant, and weight of 100 seeds during two successive seasons. Overall, this study suggests that biochar or jasmonic acid treatments might be promising for mitigating the detrimental impact of salt stress on faba beans.<br /><br /> Limb shaking TIA(LS-TIA) is an rare manifestation seen in high grade steno-occlusive carotid disease.LS-TIA is rarely recognized as a presenting manifestation of MMA and has never been previously studied prospectively in MMA cohort.<br /><br /> Of 104 cases of MMA collected in our Indian center in last 4 years,5 new patients had LS-TIA.MMA was diagnosed by MRangiography and LS-TIA was confirmed by three different neurologist by detailed scrutiny of history,neurological examination and EEG-recording(to rule out seizure). Seven previously reported cases of LS-TIA in MMA were retrieved by literature search in PubMed using keywords "Moyamoya" AND "Limb shaking TIA","Moyamoya" AND "Limb shaking". Subsequently all data were analyzed and compared using descriptive statistics.<br /><br /> Analysis of our 5 cases and those 7 found in the literature showed mean age at the time of diagnosis of MMA was 12.2±8.9(Mean±S.D.) years in our cases and 32.7±13.6 years in previous cases.The commonest precipitating factors included prolonged crying-TIA in MMA. In a resource-limited setting, careful avoidance of triggers and anti-platelet therapy can lead to decreased symptomatology of LS-TIA in MMA.<br /><br /> It is unclear how interventions designed to restrict community and in-hospital exposure to the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) virus influenced stroke care for patients seeking acute treatment. Therefore, we aimed to determine how these COVID-19 interventions impacted acute stroke treatment times and to assess the risk of contracting COVID-19 due to their stay in our medical center.<br /><br /> Retrospective, single center, two-phase study evaluating hospital and community trends from 12/2019 - 04/2020 compared to the previous year and pre/post (n=156/93) intervention implementation. Phase I assessed stroke treatment times, delay to hospital arrival, and witnessed stroke volume. Phase II, a post-implementation telephone survey, assessed risk of developing symptoms or testing positive for COVID-19.<br /><br /> Stroke volume declined by 29% (p&lt;.05) from April to March compared to the previous year. However, no significant delays in seeking medical care (pre Mdn=112, post Mdn=95, p=.34) was observed. Witnessed stroke volume decreased 11% (p&lt;.001) compared to the pre-implementation group, but no significant delay in IV alteplase (pre Mdn=22mins; post Mdn=26mins, p=.08) nor endovascular treatment (pre Mdn=60mins; post Mdn=80mins, p=.45) was observed. In Phase II, 63 patients participated, two tested (3%) COVID-19 positive during admission and four (6%) within two weeks of discharge. COVID-19 contraction risk during and after hospitalization remained similar to the general population (RR=1.75, 95%CI 0.79-3.63). Overall results indicated a marked decrease in stroke volume, no significant delays to either seek or provide acute stroke care were evident, and COVID-19 contraction risk was low.<br /><br /> Seeking acute stroke medical care outweighs the risk of COVID-19 exposure.<br /><br />Seeking acute stroke medical care outweighs the risk of COVID-19 exposure.<br /><br /> Cerebral vasospasm (CVS) and delayed ischemic neurological deficits (DIND) are a common cause of morbidity following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Statins have been shown to decrease CVS. The objective of this article was to ascertain the effect of statins on functional outcome and mortality following aneurysmal SAH by performing meta-analysis.<br /><br /> A comprehensive search of different databases was performed to retrieve randomized controlled trials. Meta-analysis with subgroup analysis and metaregression was done. Trial sequential analysis (TSA) was performed to determine if the cumulative sample size was appropriately powered for the obtained pooled effect values and to avoid random error.<br /><br /> Twelve articles were selected for meta-analysis. Pooled OR for the change in favorable outcome, mortality, CVS, DIND and elevated transaminases was 1.07 (p=0.55), 0.78 (p=0.17), 0.58 (p=0.0004), 0.54 (p=0.0293) and 0.68 (p=0.1774) respectively. Further, subgroup analysis and metaregression showed that the use of different statin or dose did not result in significant variation in results in the parameters studied.