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Spiropyran-based materials (SPBMs) can give responses to the stimulations induced by the light, heat, force, or pH, which have been used as triggers for many smart materials. Here, a cross-linkable SPBM containing mesogenic-units is synthesized, which is pale-colored, non-photoluminescent and non-mesogenic at a spiro form, but dark-colored, photoluminescent, and mesogenic at a merocyanine form. Moreover, the dynamic interconversion behavior of the form in the different chemical environments are distinct. Liquid crystalline polymers (LCPs) containing the SPBMs cross-linked via visible light, own a photoswitchable glass transition temperature (Tg ) and retain the switchable property; however, the SPBMs cross-linked via UV light will be locked at the MC state, because the molecular movement was frozen at the room temperature lower than the given Tg of the LCP. Thus, programmable chromism and photoluminescence based on the tunable Tg can be endowed to the functional materials prepared from the SPBMs.Cationic carbon dots (CCDs) are a promising alternative to gene delivery systems, and good biosafety levels are crucial for their in-vivo use. In this study, spherical and mono-dispersed CCDs with an average surface potential of +28.7 mV were prepared using sucrose and glutamate (denoted SG-CCDs) by a one-pot autoclave-assisted method. Molecular interactions between the SG-CCDs and four major human serum proteins (albumin, immunoglobulin G, fibrinogen, and transferrin) were investigated. The results were further verified on human serum, and the effect of the SG-CCDs on in-vitro blood coagulation were examined. The results showed that the fluorescence of human serum was clearly quenched by the SG-CCDs through a dynamic collision mechanism. Moreover, SG-CCDs at a concentration of 20 μM exhibited minor effects on the secondary structure of human serum. The activated partial thromboplastin and prothrombin time as well as the fibrinogen concentration were not changed, indicating that the SG-CCDs did not interfere with the coagulation process. This study provided an understandable background on the behavior of CCDs in clinical applications.A new fluorogenic anthracene functionalized calix[4]triazacrown-5 (Ant-AzClx) was successfully synthesized using a simple Schiff's base reaction. The 1 H-NMR, 13 C-NMR, ESI-MS, and elemental analysis techniques were performed to characterize its structure. Excited at 370 nm, Ant-AzClx reveals excimer emission at 418 nm. Therefore, its anion binding properties were investigated against F- , HCO3 - , H2 PO4 - , NO3 - , Cr2 O7 2- , and SO4 2- ions. When hazardous dichromate anion was introduced into medium, the fluorescence intensity of Ant-AzClx was markedly quenched. The binding constant, stoichiometry, the detection limits and Stern-Volmer equation for the complex formed between Ant-AzClx and Cr2 O7 2- ion were determined. Furthermore, the 1 H-NMR technique was also performed to assess the mechanism of the complex (Ant-AzClx@Cr2 O7 2- ). Apart from its excellent fluorescent chemosensor properties for selective and sensitive recognition of Cr2 O7 2- ion, Ant-AzClx was used as an efficient extractant towards dichromate anion. The extraction results indicated that Ant-AzClx exhibited high extraction capability, leading to it being a promising extractant for the removal of dichromate anions from water.We report an amino-functionalized indium-organic framework for efficient CO2 reduction to formate. The immobilized amino groups strengthen the absorption and activation of CO2 and stabilize the active intermediates, which endow an enhanced catalytic conversion to formate despite the inevitable reduction and reconstruction of the functionalized indium-based catalyst during electrocatalysis. The reconstructed amino-functionalized indium-based catalyst demonstrates a high Faradaic efficiency of 94.4 % and a partial current density of 108 mA cm-2 at -1.1 V vs. RHE in a liquid-phase flow cell, and also delivers an enhanced current density of ca. 800 mA cm-2 at 3.4 V for the formate production in a gas-phase flow cell configuration. This work not only provides a molecular functionalization and assembling concept of hybrid electrocatalysts but also offers valuable understandings in electrocatalyst evolution and reactor optimization for CO2 electrocatalysis and beyond.The alkaline stability of N-heterocyclic ammonium (NHA) groups is a critical topic in anion-exchange membranes (AEMs) and AEM fuel cells (AEMFCs). Here, we report a systematic study on the alkaline stability of 24 representative NHA groups at different hydration numbers (λ) at 80 °C. The results elucidate that γ-substituted NHAs containing electron-donating groups display superior alkaline stability, while electron-withdrawing substituents are detrimental to durable NHAs. Density-functional-theory calculations and experimental results suggest that nucleophilic substitution is the dominant degradation pathway in NHAs, while Hofmann elimination is the primary degradation pathway for NHA-based AEMs. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ho-3867.html HO-3867] Different degradation pathways determine the alkaline stability of NHAs or NHA-based AEMs. AEMFC durability (from 1 A cm-2 to 3 A cm-2 ) suggests that NHA-based AEMs are mainly subjected to Hofmann elimination under 1 A cm-2 current density for 1000 h, providing insights into the relationship between current density, λ value, and durability of NHA-based AEMs.Our lab and others have shown that chronic alcohol use leads to gene and miRNA expression changes across the mesocorticolimbic (MCL) system. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are noncoding RNAs that form closed-loop structures and are reported to alter gene expression through miRNA sequestration, thus providing a potentially novel neurobiological mechanism for the development of alcohol dependence (AD). Genome-wide expression of circRNA was assessed in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) from 32 AD-matched cases/controls. Significant circRNAs (unadj. p ≤ 0.05) were identified via regression and clustered in circRNA networks via weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). CircRNA interactions with previously generated mRNA and miRNA were detected via correlation and bioinformatic analyses. Significant circRNAs (N = 542) clustered in nine significant AD modules (FWER p ≤ 0.05), within which we identified 137 circRNA hubs. We detected 23 significant circRNA-miRNA-mRNA interactions (FDR ≤ 0.10). Among these, circRNA-406742 and miR-1200 significantly interact with the highest number of mRNA, including genes associated with neuronal functioning and alcohol addiction (HRAS, PRKCB, HOMER1, and PCLO). Finally, we integrate genotypic information that revealed 96 significant circRNA expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) (unadj. p ≤ 0.002) that showed significant enrichment within recent alcohol use disorder (AUD) and smoking genome-wide association study (GWAS). To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the role of circRNA in the neuropathology of AD. We show that circRNAs impact mRNA expression by interacting with miRNA in the NAc of AD subjects. More importantly, we provide indirect evidence for the clinical importance of circRNA in the development of AUD by detecting a significant enrichment of our circRNA eQTLs among GWAS of substance abuse.<br /><br /> Few data regarding the prevalence and prognostic impact of mitral regurgitation (MR) in patients with worsening chronic or new-onset acute heart failure (HF) are available. We investigated the role of MR in the BIOlogy Study to TAilored Treatment in Chronic Heart Failure (BIOSTAT-CHF).<br /><br /> We performed a retrospective post-hoc analysis including patients from both the index and validation BIOSTAT-CHF cohorts with data regarding MR status. The primary endpoint was a composite of all-cause death or HF hospitalization. Among 4023 patients included, 1653 patients (41.1%) had moderate-severe MR. Compared to others, patients with moderate-severe MR were more likely to have atrial fibrillation and chronic kidney disease and had larger left ventricular (LV) dimensions, lower LV ejection fraction (LVEF), worse quality of life, and higher plasma concentrations of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP). A primary outcome event occurred in 697 patients with, compared to 836 patients without, moderate-severe MR [Kaplan-Meier 2-year estimate 42.2% vs. 35.3%; hazard ratio (HR) 1.28; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.16-1.41; log-rank P &lt; 0.0001]. The association between MR and the primary endpoint remained significant after adjusting for baseline variables and the previously validated BIOSTAT-CHF risk score (adjusted HR 1.11; 95% CI 1.00-1.23; P=0.041). Subgroup analyses showed a numerically larger impact of MR on the primary endpoint in patients with lower LVEF, larger LV end-diastolic diameter, and higher plasma NT-proBNP.<br /><br /> Moderate-severe MR is common in patients with worsening chronic or new-onset acute HF and is strongly associated with outcome, independently of other features related to HF severity.<br /><br />Moderate-severe MR is common in patients with worsening chronic or new-onset acute HF and is strongly associated with outcome, independently of other features related to HF severity.<br /><br /> Recently, social frailty has been increasingly recognized as a factor associated with adverse health outcomes, including physical disability and mortality. However, there are no studies about the importance of this factor among hemodialysis patients. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between social frailty and early physical dysfunction in this group of patients.<br /><br /> This was a two-center cross-sectional study. Older patients receiving hemodialysis were prospectively enrolled. Moreover, participants were evaluated for social frailty based on the definition of previous study and for physical function, peak oxygen uptake (peak VO<br /><br /> ), ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide (VE/VCO<br /><br /> ) slope and heart rate reserve. Then, they were divided into two groups based on the presence of physical frailty.<br /><br /> Data collected from 158 individuals were statistically analyzed. The prevalence rate of social frailty was 59.5%. In the non-physical frailty group, social frailty was found to be independently associated with reduced gait speed (P= 0.007), leg strength (P= 0.040) and peak VO<br /><br /> (P= 0.023), but not with hand grip strength (P= 0.36). In the physical frailty group, there was no association between social frailty and physical function. Moreover, in patients without physical and social frailty, physical function was maintained at above accepted threshold levels, whereas peak VO<br /><br /> (14.1 ± 3.3 mL/kg/min), VE/VCO<br /><br /> slope (32.3 ± 5.5) and heart rate reserve (50.8% ± 21.7%) were substantially impaired.<br /><br /> Patients receiving hemodialysis can present with social frailty and exercise intolerance with cardiac dysfunction in the early phase, which may contribute to subsequent dysfunction. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21 664-669.<br /><br />Patients receiving hemodialysis can present with social frailty and exercise intolerance with cardiac dysfunction in the early phase, which may contribute to subsequent dysfunction. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21 664-669.3-Deoxyfortalpinoid F, fortalpinoid A, and cephinoid H are members of the Cephalotaxus diterpenoids class of natural products, which feature diverse chemical structures and valuable biological activities. We report herein the development of a diastereoselective Pauson-Khand reaction as an effective pathway to access the core tetracyclic skeleton, which is found widely in Cephalotaxus diterpenoids. Furthermore, we enabled the construction of the tropone moiety through a ring-closing metathesis/elimination protocol. Based on the developed strategy, asymmetric synthesis of the title compounds has been achieved for the first time.