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Dysbiosis has been repeatedly observed in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and is now recognized as an essential factor in the gut inflammatory process. IBD is a significant burden to health-care systems, mainly due to treatment-related costs. Available treatments have several limitations up to 30% of patients are primary non-responders, and between 10 and 20% lose response per year, requiring a dose-escalation or a switch to another biologic. Hence, the current IBD treatment is not sufficient, and there is an urgent need to introduce new therapies in the management of these patients. Recently, the correction of dysbiosis has become an attractive approach from a therapeutic point of view. Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) appears as a reliable and potentially beneficial therapy in IBD patients. There is developing data that FMT for mild-to-moderately active UC is a safe and efficient therapy for the induction of remission. However, the current studies have different designs and have a short follow up, which makes clinical interpretation significantly difficult. There is a need for RCTs with a well-defined study cohort using FMT for the therapy of CD patients. The location, behavior, and severity of the disease should be taken into account. The goal of this manuscript is to review the data currently available on FMT and IBD, to explain FMT principles and methodology in IBD patients and to discuss some unresolved issues.Background Zika virus is an emerging arbovirus of global importance. ZIKV infection is associated with a range of neurological complications such as the Congenital Zika Syndrome and Guillain Barré Syndrome. Despite the magnitude of recent outbreaks, there is no specific therapy to prevent or to alleviate disease pathology. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Furosemide(Lasix).html Furosemide order] Objective To investigate the role of P-MAPA immunomodulator in Zika-infected THP-1 cells. Methods THP-1 cells were subjected at Zika virus infection (Multiplicity of Infection = 0.5) followed by treatment with P-MAPA for until 96 hours post-infection. After that, the cell death was analyzed by annexin+/ PI+ and caspase 3/ 7+ staining by flow cytometry. In addition, the virus replication and cell proliferation were accessed by RT-qPCR and Ki67 staining, respectively. Results We demonstrate that P-MAPA in vitro treatment significantly reduces Zika virus-induced cell death and caspase-3/7 activation on THP-1 infected cells, albeit it has no role in virus replication and cell proliferation. Conclusions Our study reveals that P-MAPA seems to be a satisfactory alternative to inhibits the effects of Zika virus infection in mammalian cells.Background The administration of many pharmaceutical active ingredients is often performed by the injection of an aqueous-based solution, numerous active ingredients are however, insoluble in water, which complicates their administration and restricts their efficacy. Objective The current solutions are hindered by both a time-consuming manufacturing process and are not suitable for hydrophilic and hydrophobic materials. Method Emulsions of oleophilic active ingredients and polyprotein microspheres are an important step to overcome insolubility issues. Results Polyprotein microspheres offer a versatile modifiable morphology, thermal responsivity, and size variation, which allows for the protection and release of assembled biomaterials. In addition, nanospheres present promising cell phagocytosis outcomes in vivo. Conclusion In this research, a reproducible multifunctional approach to assemble nanospheres in one step using a technique termed "automatic nanoscalar interfacial alternation in emulsion" (ANIAE) was developed, incorporating a thermally controlled release mechanism for the assembled target active ingredients. These results demonstrate a viable, universal, multifunctional principal for the pharmaceutical industry.Background The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effects of Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) on hypoxia induced injury in medial vestibular nucleus (MVN) cells. Methods An in vitro hypoxia model was established using MVN cells exposed to hypoxia. The hypoxia-induced cell damage was confirmed by assessing cell viability, apoptosis and expression of apoptosis-associated proteins. Oxidative stress and related indicators were also measured following hypoxia modeling and Tan IIA treatment, and the genes potentially involved in the response were predicted using multiple GEO datasets. Results The results of the present study showed that Tan IIA significantly increased cell viability, decreased cell apoptosis and decreased the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 in hypoxia treated cells. In addition, hypoxia treatment increased oxidative stress in MVN cells, and treatment with Tan IIA reduced the oxidative stress. The expression of S-Phase Kinase Associated Protein 2 (SKP2) was upregulated in hypoxia treated cells, and Tan IIA treatment reduced the expression of SKP2. Mechanistically, SKP2 interacted with large conductance Ca2+ -activated K+ channels (BKCa), regulating its expression, and BKCa knockdown alleviated the protective effects of Tan IIA on hypoxia induced cell apoptosis. Conclusion The results of the present study suggested that Tan IIA had a protective effect on hypoxia-induced cell damage through its anti-apoptotic and anti-oxidative activity via a SKP2/BKCa axis. These findings suggest that Tan IIA may be a potential therapeutic for treatment of hypoxia induced vertigo.The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and the slow progress in searching for new antimicrobial agents make it hard to treat bacterial infections and cause problems for the healthcare system worldwide, including high costs, prolonged hospitalizations, and increased mortality. Therefore, the discovery of effective antibacterial agents is of great importance. One attractive alternative is antisense peptide nucleic acid (PNA), which inhibits or eliminates gene expression by binding to the complementary messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence of essential genes or the accessible and functionally important regions of the ribosomal RNA (rRNA). Following 30 years of development, PNAs have played an extremely important role in the treatment of Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and acidfast bacteria due to their desirable stability of hybrid complex with target RNA, the strong affinity for target mRNA/rRNA, and the stability against nucleases. PNA-based antisense antibiotics can strongly inhibit the growth of pathogenic and antibiotic-resistant bacteria in a sequence-specific and dose-dependent manner at micromolar concentrations.