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ounger patients. Older patients remain good candidates for arthroscopy despite a greater risk for conversion to THA.<br /><br />Although hip arthroscopy for FAI yielded improvements in PROs regardless of age, middle-aged and older patients experienced greater declines in clinical outcomes over time than younger patients. Older patients remain good candidates for arthroscopy despite a greater risk for conversion to THA.On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a pandemic, and the reality of the situation has finally caught up to the widespread reach of the disease. The presentation of the disease is highly variable, ranging from asymptomatic carriers to critical COVID-19. The availability of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors may reportedly increase the susceptibility and/or disease progression of COVID-19. Comorbidities and risk factors have also been noted to increase COVID-19 susceptibility. In this paper, we hereby review the evidence pertaining to ACE2's relationship to common comorbidities, risk factors, and therapies associated with the susceptibility and severity of COVID-19. We also highlight gaps of knowledge that require further investigation. The primary comorbidities of respiratory disease, cardiovascular disease, renal disease, diabetes, obesity, and hypertension had strong evidence. The secondary risk factors of age, sex, and race/genetics had limited-to-moderate evidence. The tertiary factors of ACE inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers had limited-to-moderate evidence. Ibuprofen and thiazolidinediones had limited evidence.<br /><br /> Treatment of meniscal tears is necessary to maintain the long-term health of the knee joint. Morphological elements, particularly vascularity, that play an important role in meniscal healing are known to change during skeletal development.<br /><br /> To quantitatively evaluate meniscal vascularity, cellularity, collagen, and proteoglycan content by age and location during skeletal development.<br /><br /> Descriptive laboratory study.<br /><br /> Medial and lateral menisci from 14 male and 7 female cadavers aged 1 month to 11 years were collected and evaluated. For each meniscus, histologic and immunohistologic techniques were used to establish the ratio of the area of proteoglycan (safranin O) positivity to the total area (proteoglycan ratio), collagen type I and type II immunostaining positivity, number of blood vessels, and cell density. These features were evaluated over the entire meniscus and also separately in 5 circumferential segments anterior root, anterior horn, body, posterior horn, and posterior root. Additionally, cell density and number of blood vessels were examined in 3 radial regions inner, middle, and periphery.<br /><br /> Age was associated with a decrease in meniscal vessel count and cell density, while the proteoglycan ratio increased with skeletal maturity. Differences in vessel counts, cellular density, and proteoglycan ratio in different anatomic segments as well as in the inner, middle, and peripheral regions of the developing menisci were also observed. Collagen immunostaining results were inconsistent and not analyzed.<br /><br /> The cellularity and vascularity of the developing meniscus decrease with age and the proteoglycan content increases with age. All of these parameters are influenced by location within the meniscus.<br /><br /> Age and location differences in meniscal morphology, particularly in the number of blood vessels, are expected to influence meniscal healing.<br /><br />Age and location differences in meniscal morphology, particularly in the number of blood vessels, are expected to influence meniscal healing.Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) has been widely used in diagnosis of vertical root fractures (VRFs) in recent years. According to the American Association of Endodontists (AAE) classification, there are five types of cracked teeth and VRF is one of them. Due to the variability and overlapping of the cracks and fractures, some narrow fractures on the roots of VRFs could not be detected by CBCT, and some wide cracks on the crown of cracked teeth could be detected by CBCT. In this review, we firstly discussed the value of CBCT in the diagnosis of the AAE five types of cracked teeth and presented CBCT manifestations of some typical cases. Secondly, we summarized the factors influencing the diagnosis of cracks/fractures using CBCT, namely, CBCT device-related factors, patient-related factors, and evaluator-related factors. The possible strategies to improve the diagnostic accuracy in the clinic practice are also discussed in this part. Finally, we compared the differences of root fractures with lateral canals and external root resorption on CBCT images.<br /><br /> The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between pathological classification of parotid gland tumors and conventional MRI - diffusion-weighted imaging findings and also contribute the possible effect of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) to diagnosis.<br /><br /> 60 patients with parotid masses diagnosed using histopathology and/or cytology were enrolled in this retrospective study. All patients were evaluated using a 1.5 T MRI. Demographic features, conventional MRI findings, and ADC values (mean, minimum, maximum, and relative) were recorded. MRI findings and ADC values were compared between benign-malignant groups and pleomorphic adenoma <br /><br /> Warthin's tumor groups.<br /><br /> 60 tumors (48 benign, 12 malignant) were evaluated in a total of 60 patients (39 males, 21 females). The mean age was 59 (±14, 18-86) years old; the mean lesion size was 26 (±10, 11-61) mm. On the texture of conventional MRI, T2 dominantly hyperintense/with hypointensity signal was seen in 87% of pleomorphic adenomas and T2 dominantlignant differentiation, the added ADC measurement may also be useful for differentiating Warthin's tumors from pleomorphic adenomas.<br /><br /> To choose the best anaesthetic approach through the retrospective review of different bone ablation procedures.<br /><br /> We retrospectively evaluated 118 ablation procedures carried out in our institute over the last 30 months. Three different anaesthetic approaches were used general anaesthesia, i.v. sedation/analgesia and loco-regional anaesthesia (brachial plexus block, spinal anaesthesia). The outcomes were evaluated based on three parameters technical success, patient comfort (Scale 1-5) and operator comfort (Scale 1-5).<br /><br /> The 118 interventional procedures were carried out on 62 benign and 56 malignant bone lesions. The overall procedural success rate was 100%. Three cases were treated under general anaesthesia patient comfort was 5/5 in all cases; operator comfort was 5/5 in one case, and 4/5 in two cases. Twenty-one patients underwent sedation/analgesia in three patients with benign bone lesions, patient comfort was 1/5 and operator comfort 3/5; in two patients with malignant bone lesions, patient comfort was 3/5 and operator comfort 4/5. Ninety-four patients underwent loco-regional anaesthesia patient and operator comfort was 5/5 in all cases.<br /><br /> Based on our experience, loco-regional anaesthesia is probably the best anaesthetic approach during bone ablation procedures. Benign bone lesions ablation are the more painful procedures.<br /><br /> This is the first paper that systematically investigates about the best anaesthesiological support for IR procedures.<br /><br />This is the first paper that systematically investigates about the best anaesthesiological support for IR procedures.<br /><br /> To evaluate the satisfaction of asymptomatic subjects who self-referring Whole-Body Magnetic Resonance Imaging (WB-MRI) for early cancer diagnosis.<br /><br /> Subjects completed a pre-examination questionnaire, while waiting for their WB-MRI examination, recording demographics, expected discomfort, perceived knowledge and usefulness of the procedure and health risk perceptions, as well as a post-examination questionnaire, measuring discomfort experienced, acceptability and satisfaction with WB-MRI. We examined which factors influenced discomfort and satisfaction associated with WB-MRI.<br /><br /> 65 asymptomatic subjects (median age 51; 29 females) completed the questionnaire. Before WB-MRI, 29% of subjects expected discomfort of some form with claustrophobia (27.7%) and exam duration (24.6%) being the most common concerns. Experienced discomfort due to shortness of breath was significantly lower than expected. This difference was significantly associated with the personal risk perception to get a disease (<br /><br /> = 0.01) and edu stress anticipated by individuals deciding to undergo WB-MRI for early cancer diagnosis.<br /><br />Scope exists for measures to assess expected feelings and develop personalized interventions to reduce the stress anticipated by individuals deciding to undergo WB-MRI for early cancer diagnosis.<br /><br /> To evaluate the influence of exomass-related metal artefacts on the detection of simulated vertical root fracture (VRF) in cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).<br /><br /> 20 teeth were endodontically instrumented and VRF was induced in half of them. All teeth were individually placed in an empty socket of a human mandible. Metallic materials were differently arranged in the exomass [zone outside of the field of view (FOV) but between the X-ray source and the receptor] and/or endomass (zone inside of the FOV), and CBCT scans were obtained. Four radiologists evaluated the presence of VRF using a 5-point scale. Sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) were compared using ANOVA. Also, the tooth of interest was replaced with a tube filled with a radiopaque solution and all CBCT scans were repeated to analyse the data objectively. Mean grey and noise values were obtained from the tube and compared using ANOVA followed by Tukey's test (α = 0.05).<br /><br /> Mean grey values were significantly lower and noise was significantly higher when metallic materials were present in the endomass or both the exomass and endomass. Sensitivity, specificity, and AUC were not influenced by the artefacts from the metallic materials irrespective of the arrangement condition.<br /><br /> Exomass-related metal artefacts did not influence the diagnosis of simulated VRF in CBCT.<br /><br />Exomass-related metal artefacts did not influence the diagnosis of simulated VRF in CBCT.We present a first-time study on identifying the causes and remedies to Nigeria's low contribution to globally recognized research literature. A mixed research approach involving 300 academic staff from several areas of specialization in southern Nigeria was adopted, using structured questionnaire and semi-structured interview schedule. Data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics and thematic technique. Furthermore, 43.7%, 28.6%, and 27.7% of the respondents were from the university, polytechnic, and college of education system, respectively. While 78.4% of the respondents agreed that the high cost of open access publication in top journals influenced Nigeria's low contribution to research literature, over 75% reported that the low contribution was due to high cost of attending international conferences. Other factors identified were stringent conditions for paper acceptance (89.7%), scarcity of relevant information about Africa (85.4%), and paucity of high-impact journals in the libraries of Nigerian tertiary institutions (6.