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These associations were confirmed by Cox regression after adjustment for sex, age, other predictors of mortality, coronary revascularization, and drug therapies at discharge (hazard ratio for total mortality 1.87 [1.05-3.34], P = 0.033; hazard ratio for cardiovascular mortality 2.09 [1.03-4.25], P = 0.041). Although associated with SUA levels, rs7442295 polymorphism did not predict total or cardiovascular mortality. our data support that SUA may be a prognostic cardiovascular biomarker, predicting total and cardiovascular mortality in the setting of secondary prevention of coronary artery disease. On the other hand, SCL2A9 gene polymorphism, notwithstanding a clear influence on SUA levels, was not associated with mortality.Prompt diagnosis, patient isolation, and contact tracing are key measures to contain the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Molecular tests are the current gold standard for COVID-19 detection, but are carried out at central laboratories, delaying treatment and control decisions. Here we describe a portable assay system for rapid, onsite COVID-19 diagnosis. Termed CODA (CRISPR Optical Detection of Anisotropy), the method combined isothermal nucleic acid amplification, activation of CRISPR/Cas12a, and signal generation in a single assay, eliminating extra manual steps. Importantly, signal detection was based on the ratiometric measurement of fluorescent anisotropy, which allowed CODA to achieve a high signal-to-noise ratio. For point-of-care operation, we built a compact, standalone CODA device integrating optoelectronics, an embedded heater, and a microcontroller for data processing. The developed system completed SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection within 20 min of sample loading; the limit of detection reached 3 copy/μL. When applied to clinical samples (10 confirmed COVID-19 patients; 10 controls), the rapid CODA test accurately classified COVID-19 status, in concordance with gold-standard clinical diagnostics.Progressive neuronal loss is a hallmark of many neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. These pathologies exhibit clear signs of inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, calcium deregulation, and accumulation of aggregated or misfolded proteins. Over the last decades, a tremendous research effort has contributed to define some of the pathological mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative processes in these complex brain neurodegenerative disorders. To better understand molecular mechanisms responsible for neurodegenerative processes and find potential interventions and pharmacological treatments, it is important to have robust in vitro and pre-clinical animal models that can recapitulate both the early biological events undermining the maintenance of the nervous system and early pathological events. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/escin.html Escin supplier] In this regard, it would be informative to determine how different inherited pathogenic mutations can compromise mitochondrial function, calcium signaling, and neuronal survival. Since post-mortem analyses cannot provide relevant information about the disease progression, it is crucial to develop model systems that enable the investigation of early molecular changes, which may be relevant as targets for novel therapeutic options. Thus, the use of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) represents an exceptional complementary tool for the investigation of degenerative processes. In this review, we will focus on two neurodegenerative diseases, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. We will provide examples of iPSC-derived neuronal models and how they have been used to study calcium and mitochondrial alterations during neurodegeneration.<br /><br /> Although polyneuropathy in patients with immunoglobulin light chain (AL) amyloidosis has been considered to be attributable to axonal degeneration resulting from amyloid deposition, patients with nerve conduction parameters indicating demyelination that mimics chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) have also been reported anecdotally.<br /><br /> We evaluated the electrophysiological and pathological features of 8 consecutive patients with AL amyloidosis who were referred for sural nerve biopsy.<br /><br /> Although findings of axonal neuropathy predominantly in the lower limbs were the cardinal feature, all patients showed one or more abnormalities of nerve conduction velocities or distal motor latencies. In particular, 2 of these patients fulfilled the definite electrophysiological for CIDP defined by the European Federation of Neurological Societies/Peripheral Nerve Society (EFNS/PNS). On electron microscopic examination of sural nerve biopsy specimens, Schwann cells apposed to amyloid fibrils became atrophic in all patients, suggesting that amyloid deposits directly affect neighboring tissues. Additionally, detachment of the neurilemma from the outermost compacted myelin lamella was seen where amyloid fibrils were absent in 4 patients. Electrophysiological findings suggestive of demyelination were more conspicuous in these patients compared with the other patients. The detachment of the neurilemma from the outermost compacted myelin lamella was particularly conspicuous in patients who fulfilled the definite EFNS/PNS electrophysiological criteria for CIDP.<br /><br /> Abnormalities of myelinated fibers unrelated to amyloid deposition may frequently occur in AL amyloidosis. Disjunction between myelin and the neurilemma may induce nerve conduction abnormalities suggestive of demyelination.<br /><br />Abnormalities of myelinated fibers unrelated to amyloid deposition may frequently occur in AL amyloidosis. Disjunction between myelin and the neurilemma may induce nerve conduction abnormalities suggestive of demyelination.Based on the difficulty of the refractory organic compounds degradation in water by the traditional wastewater treatment methods, the research relies on the technology of the dielectric barrier discharge plasma (DBDP) and the catalysis of the nano WO3, investigating the bisphenol A (BPA) degradation in the synergistic system of DBDP/WO3. The coupled degradation percentage of the BPA under different amounts of WO3 addition, different initial solution pH and carrier gas were investigated to confirm the catalysis of the WO3 in the DBDP system. It was obtained from the experimental results that the optimal additive amount of the WO3 was 175 mg L-1 and change of the solution pH value and the carrier gas variety could not change the catalysis of the WO3. The BPA degradation percentage could reach 100% after treating 30 min in the DBDP/WO3 system with 0.5 L min-1 O2 as the carrier gas. The WO3 still had a better catalysis after four times usage and the discharge had little effect on the microstructure of the WO3. The existence of the WO3 in the DBDP system could result in the reduction of the O3 concentration and the enhancement of the H2O2 concentration, which improve the catalysis of the WO3 in the DBDP system, while the experiments on the scavengers' addition verified the major role of the OH on the BPA degradation. The catalytic mechanism of the WO3 as well as the BPA degradation pathway was also speculated in the research.Electrocatalysis is emerging as a promising alternative to bacterial denitrification for removing nitrate and ammonia from sewage. The technology is highly efficient and robust in actual wastewater treatment scenarios; however, there may be the generation of harmful intermediates (such as nitrite) on the traditional cathode material. In this study, we demonstrated that TiO2 nanotube arrays can be used as an effective cathode to reduce nitrate to ammonia without generation of nitrite. Alongside this, the addition of chloride ions in the solution can further oxidize ammonia to N2. We looked into the key factors influencing the electrocatalytic denitrification, including the current density (2-10 mA/cm2), initial pH values (3-11), and types of anions (HCO3-, Cl-, SO42-). The results showed that 90.8% of nitrate and 59.4% of total nitrogen could be removed in 1.5 h under optimal conditions, with degradation kinetic constants of 1.61 h-1 and 0.79 h-1, respectively. Furthermore, we investigated the formation of intermediate products and explored the electrocatalytic denitrification mechanism (a) the surface oxygen vacancies and high specific surface area of TiO2 nanotube arrays electrode promote the reduction of nitrate to ammonia and N2; (b) the active chlorine generated at the anode surface can effectively oxidize ammonium to N2.The decomposition of chemical warfare agent simulant, dimethyl methylphophonate (DMMP) vapor, was investigated on an ultrathin film titania (TiO2) photocatalytic light absorber. The light absorber contains an aluminum (Al) reflector and the TiO2 thin film with different thicknesses, sequentially deposited on a supportive glass substrate. The designed structure constructs a nanocavity that exhibits strong light absorption within the photocatalytic TiO2 ultrathin film. Thus, the intrinsic trade-off between optical absorption and charge carrier extraction efficiency, i.e., a light absorber should be thick enough to absorb the light allowable by its band gap but thin enough to allow charge carrier extraction for catalytic reactions, is conquered. link2 The TiO2/Al light absorber significantly boosted TiO2 photocatalytic activity compared to the benchmark Aeroxide®P25 catalyst (i.e., up to 2013 times increase in reaction rate). The effects of reactant (i.e. DMMP, water and oxygen, respectively) partial pressure and reaction temperature on photocatalytic decomposition of DMMP by the ultrathin-film TiO2 photocatalytic light absorber were studied. Kinetic data of the DMMP decomposition can be described by the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model.The degradation potential of microplastics remains a critical issue for researching marine litter, and it is one of the most important factors that can be used for calculating the persistence time of microplastics in certain conditions. However, there are lack of standard or approved methods for estimating the ageing stage of environmental microplastics. In this study, the potential of spectral-image fusion strategy was investigated to analyze the degradation degree of polyethylene microplastics in natural exposure of coastline. The proposed spectral-image fusion linear model showed a significant ability to classify the degradation degree of environmental microplastics samples with the best accuracy of 97.1% as compared to two single-sensing information-based linear models (with one spectral wavelength of the carbonyl index at 1720 cm-1 or three-channel components from LAB color-space). link3 This is the first attempt to qualitatively measure the degradation degree of the naturally exposed microplastics based on spectral-image fusion model. The proposed fusion model based strategy is an effective tool for predicting the degradation degree of the field exposed microplastics.Microscale zero-valent aluminum (mZVAl) is prone to surface passivation due to formation of the surface Al-(hydr)oxide layer, resulting in short reactive life. To overcome this critical drawback, we developed a mechanochemical ball milling approach to modify and activate commercially available mZVAl assisted by the fragile FeSO4·7H2O crystals. SEM-EDS and XPS analyses indicated that the particle surface of the mechanochemically modified mZVAl (Fe-mZVAlbm) was not only fractured with newly formed fresh reactive surfaces, but also attached with a rough layer of Fe-oxides that were uniformly distributed on mZVAl. While pristine mZVAl failed to degrade any phenol, Fe-mZVAlbm was able to rapidly degrade 88.8% within 90 min (initial phenol = 20 mg/L, pH = 2.50, dosage = 3 g/L) under normal oxic conditions, with a pseudo first-order rate constant of 0.040 min-1 and about 70.0% of phenol mineralized in 8 h. Moreover, Fe-mZVAlbm also showed prolonged reactive life, and no significant reactivity drop was evident after six cycles of consecutive runs for phenol degradation.