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Some previous studies have reported the improved survival of very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) neonates with no disabilities. However, 16% of these neonates have developmental disorders. Considering the lack of research on the developmental status of five-year-old VLBW children and the importance of early detection and treatment, in this study, we aimed to assess the developmental status of five-year-old VLBW children.<br /><br /> This historical cohort study was conducted on five-year-old children. The participants were divided into VLBW and normal-birth-weight (NBW) groups. Data were gathered using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ). This questionnaire consisted of five developmental domains, including communication, gross motor, fine motor, problem-solving, and personal/social skills. Data were reported by measuring descriptive statistics, including mean, standard deviation, number, and percentage, and analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test and independent t-test in SPSS version 22.<br /><br /> A total of 106 five-year-old children, including two groups of VLBW and NBW, participated in this study. The results of Mann-Whitney U test showed a significant difference between the groups regarding the scores of communication (P=0.002), gross motor (P&lt;0.001), fine motor (P&lt;0.001), and problem-solving (P&lt;0.001) skills. However, no significant difference was found between the groups regarding the personal/social developmental status (P=0.559).<br /><br /> According to the results, a higher risk of developmental delay was observed in VLBW infants as compared to NBW neonates; therefore, it is recommended to perform developmental screening tests for timely detection of high-risk children and early diagnostic and therapeutic interventions.<br /><br />According to the results, a higher risk of developmental delay was observed in VLBW infants as compared to NBW neonates; therefore, it is recommended to perform developmental screening tests for timely detection of high-risk children and early diagnostic and therapeutic interventions.<br /><br /> Participation in meaningful activities is an important aspect of development in children with developmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The purpose of this study was to assess the correlation of school participation with motor proficiency and executive function in children with ASD.<br /><br /> In this cross-sectional (descriptive-analytic) study, 52 students aged 6 to 12 years old with ASD were selected through the convenience sampling method. The GARS-2 scale was used to confirm ASD diagnosis. Other psychiatric comorbidities such as ADHA were studied by the CSI-4 tool, and students with comorbidities were excluded. Data were collected using SFA, BOTMP-2, and BRIEF questionnaires. It should be noted that in the BRIEF questionnaire, a higher score indicates a more severe disability.<br /><br /> Our findings showed that motor proficiency and its components had a significant direct correlation with school participation in children with ASD (P ≤0.001). On the other hand, school participation was inversely anhildren with ASD. More attention should be paid to perceptual motor interventions and cognitive rehabilitation programs (with a focus on monitoring metacognition and shifting behavioral regulation) to increase the participation of children with ASD in school activities.<br /><br /> Cerebral palsy (CP) is a non-progressive Neurodevelopmental disorder mainly treated using Single-event multilevel surgery (SEMLS). SEMLS contains using a casting method to immobilize the operated limb. However, in the present study, in addition to casting, the bandaging method was also applied. Bandaging is a newer method compared to casting. No study has used bandage for post-surgery immobilization. According to the best knowledge of the authors, no study has compared the outcome of bandage and cast for postoperative immobilization regarding the rehabilitation and quality of life (QoL) in the first and third months following the surgery, within the recovery period, which is associated with consequences like caring, hygiene, transferring, and mobility that affect the spirit and function of children. As a result, we decided to investigate the effect of these methods on the QoL of children the following surgery to treat CP.<br /><br /> Following an analytical cross-sectional design, 100 children (aged 4-12 years) were , but in the third month, the outcomes were similar for both groups.<br /><br />In the first month after surgery, the bandaging method was more effective than the casting method, but in the third month, the outcomes were similar for both groups.<br /><br /> The current study aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of seizure in acute bacterial meningitis.<br /><br /> In the present study, a total of 180 children (age range, 2 months to 14 years) with acute bacterial meningitis, were separated into two groups based on the diagnosis of seizure. The study was conducted in Mashhad (Iran) from 2002 to 2016.<br /><br /> Seizure occurred in 37.4% of children with bacterial meningitis. <br /><br /> (<br /><br /> ) was the most common organism. Most of the children with seizures (53.7%) had more than one episode. Also, 35% of patients had neurologic complications. Complications were more related to the seizure occurrence, the number of episodes, prolonged seizure, and being younger than 12 months. Age categories of less than 1 year and 1-5 year were associated with increased risk of seizure (odds ratio 4.33 and 6.54, respectively). The more episode of seizure was associated with more complications (odds ratio 6.33).<br /><br /> The prevalence of seizures in acute bacterial meningitis was 37.4%. Besides, the seizure was associated with more complications. Hence, timely diagnosis and treatment of bacterial meningitis are necessary for preventing future consequences.<br /><br />The prevalence of seizures in acute bacterial meningitis was 37.4%. Besides, the seizure was associated with more complications. Hence, timely diagnosis and treatment of bacterial meningitis are necessary for preventing future consequences.<br /><br /> Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a partially heritable autoimmune disease. <br /><br /> is the largest identified genetic risk factor for MS. The largest identified genetic risk factor is haplotype from the MHC class II HLA-DR2, which increases the disease risk. The <br /><br /> distribution in MS patients has been confirmed, but contradictory outcomes have been found. Moreover, the <br /><br /> effect on ethnicity and gender is unclear. There are no data regarding the <br /><br /> association with MS in Khuzestan Province, Iran. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/alantolactone.html read more] This study aimed to investigate the association of <br /><br /> with MS regarding both sex and ethnicity in this province.<br /><br /> A total of 399 individuals were recruited. HLA typing was conducted using the polymerase chain reaction amplification with sequence-specific primers technology. The <br /><br /> association with MS was analyzed, and also its probable association with gender, ethnicity, the expanded disability status scale (EDSS), and MS clinical course was examined using the Chi-square test.<br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /> as the most common <br /><br /> haplotype was found in both patient and control groups.