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This study set out to analyze the problems in the clinical application of CAR-T therapy encountered in recent years and to introduce corresponding strategies, with the aim of providing a basis of reference for clinicians and scientists in the management of CAR-T therapy in clinical practice and in the CAR-T therapy research.Transfer RNA-derived small RNA (tsRNA)s are novel non-coding RNAs, expressed in a variety of tissues and organs. Two subtypes of tsRNAs have been reported tRNA-derived stress-induced RNA (tiRNA)s and tRNA-derived fragment (tRF)s. tsRNAs have been reported to play essential roles and possess different biological functions in a variety of physiological activities. Recently, tsRNAs have been implicated in a large number of diseases, such as cancers (including breast cancer, ovarian cancer, lung cancer, prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, etc.), neurological disorders, viral infections, metabolic diseases and angiogenesis-related diseases. Although the biological functions of tsRNAs are still poorly understood, correlations between dysregulated tsRNA expression and disease development have been recently reported. Additionally, their capabilities as potential biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis have been revealed in clinical studies. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of tsRNAs, and discuss their potential clinical applications as biomarkers in different diseases. Although the regulation of tsRNAs is similar to miRNAs in regards to the related physiological and pathological processes, the higher stability and expression levels of tsRNAs place them as ideal biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis in cancer and other diseases. Therefore, it is worth to verify the possibility and reliability of these reported tsRNAs as potential biomarkers for clinical applications in disease diagnosis and prognosis.Circular RNA (circRNA), as a cluster of endogenous non-coding RNA (ncRNA) with tissue-specific expression in various eukaryotic species, may be involved in a variety of human physiological and pathological processes. With the continuous development of high-throughput sequencing in recent years, circRNA has been increasingly widely studied and become a hot spot in the field of tumor research. The immune system plays a crucial and complex role in tumor development. It is not only capable of inhibiting tumor progression, but it can also create conditions suitable for tumor development, thereby promoting tumor progression. Moreover, through ncRNA, tumor immunotherapy, as an essential means of tumor therapy, may regulate tumor immunity to achieve the purpose of treatment. #link# This article reviews the role of circRNA in tumor immunity to supply a sufficient theoretical basis for tumor immunotherapy.<br /><br /> Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is an early postoperative complication. Thrombosis formation, which is potentially life-threatening, seriously affects the rehabilitation of patients after surgery. We aimed to establish a C57 mouse model of DVT and to examine the changes in the expression of Krüppel-like factor 15 (KLF15) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in venous wall tissues, and we also investigated the regulatory relationship of KLF15 and eNOS in the thrombin-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) injury cell model.<br /><br /> The DVT model was established using the inferior vena cava (IVC) stenosis method. The expression levels of KLF15 and eNOS were analyzed using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). In cell experiments, the expression of KLF15 and eNOS was analyzed in the model of thrombin-induced HUVEC injury with KLF15 siRNA.<br /><br /> Compared to the control and sham-operated groups, KLF15 in the DVT group was upregulated, while eNOS was downregulated. The results of cell experiments revealed that KLF15 was downregulated in the thrombin+KLF15 siRNA group compared with the thrombin group. Meanwhile, eNOS was upregulated in the thrombin+KLF15 siRNA group compared with the thrombin group. These findings suggested that KLF15 regulated the expression of eNOS in the DVT model.<br /><br /> We successfully constructed a DVT mouse model. In the early stage of DVT formation, KLF15 regulated the expression and inhibited the antithrombotic effect of eNOS, resulting in thrombi formation.<br /><br />We successfully constructed a DVT mouse model. In the early stage of DVT formation, KLF15 regulated the expression and inhibited the antithrombotic effect of eNOS, resulting in thrombi formation.<br /><br /> Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis (XGC) is a rare presentation of chronic cholecystitis, characterized by xanthogranuloma, severe foam cells and fibrosis, and can be an inducement of difficulty in cholecystectomy. The purpose of this study was to review the clinical findings and imageology features of XGC and to optimize the treatment option.<br /><br /> This retrospective study collected clinical symptoms, demographics, imageology, operation records, histopathological findings, and postoperative complications of 100 patients with XGC after evaluating 50005 cholecystectomy specimens between 2009 and 2018 in a single institute. heir clinical symptoms, demographics, imageology, operation records, histopathological findings, and postoperative complications were collected and analyzed.<br /><br /> Patients showed various clinical symptoms, ultrasonography was performed in all patients, CT and MRI were further arranged selectively before the operation, but none of the patients were prediagnosed. Fifty-two patients received open cholecystectomy. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) was planned in 48 patients within whom 8 cases were converted to open cholecystectomy. No partial cholecystectomy was performed. The intraoperative findings included cholecystolithiasis, choledocholithiasis, thickened gallbladder wall, lesions infiltrating into adjacent tissues, disordered Calot's triangle anatomy, enlarged regional lymph nodes, internal gallbladder fistula, and hepatic abscesses. Frozen-section analysis was performed in 48 patients under the suspicion of gallbladder carcinoma (GBCa), but only 2 cases were finally confirmed.<br /><br /> The preoperative diagnosis of XGC was challenging. Open cholecystectomy was the most preferred treatment, and conversion to open was often necessary after LC.<br /><br />The preoperative diagnosis of XGC was challenging. Open cholecystectomy was the most preferred treatment, and conversion to open was often necessary after LC.<br /><br /> Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a common complication after total hip/knee arthroplasty (THA/TKA) that affects patient satisfaction and postoperative recovery. It has been reported that patients undergoing THA/TKA experience PONV at a frequency of 20-83%. This study investigates the occurrence of PONV in patients and analyzes the risk factors.<br /><br /> Patients undergoing primary THA/TKA under general anesthesia from October 1, 2017, to May 1, 2018, were included. link2 Data on patient-related factors were collected before THA/TKA. Anesthesia- and surgery-related factors were recorded postoperatively. Risk factors were analyzed using binary logistic regression.<br /><br /> A stronger association of motion sickness and PONV was found at six hours after bilateral THA/TKA [nausea odds ratio (OR) =14.648, 3.939-54.470; vomiting OR =8.405, 2.482-28.466]. At 6-24 hours after bilateral THA/TKA, patients who had a history of migraines tended to experience nausea (OR =12.589, 1.978-80.105). Patients with lower body mass index (BMI) were more likely to experience PONV at 24-72 hours (nausea OR =0.767, 0.616-0.954; vomiting OR =0.666, 0.450-0.983) after bilateral THA/TKA.<br /><br /> The incidence of PONV after primary bilateral THA/TKA was higher than that after unilateral THA/TKA. The risk factors vary at different time points after surgery, and a history of motion sickness is the most critical factor affecting PONV.<br /><br />The incidence of PONV after primary bilateral THA/TKA was higher than that after unilateral THA/TKA. The risk factors vary at different time points after surgery, and a history of motion sickness is the most critical factor affecting PONV.<br /><br /> The aim of this study was to find genes with significantly aberrant expression in diabetic nephropathy (DN) and determine their underlying mechanisms.<br /><br /> GSE30528 and GSE1009 were obtained by querying the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The difference in target gene expression between normal renal tissues and kidney tissues in patients with DN was screened by using the GEO2R tool. Using the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) database, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analysed by Gene Ontology (GO) annotation and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment. Then, the protein-protein interactions (PPIs) of DEGs were analyzed by Cytoscape with the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) database, and the hub genes in this PPI network were recognized by centrality analysis.<br /><br /> There were 110 genes with significant expression differences between normal and DN tissues. The differences in gene expression involved many functions and expression pathways, such as the formation of the extracellular matrix and the construction of the extracellular domain. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/AR-42-HDAC-42.html HDAC inhibitor] and subgroup analysis of 14 hub genes and the clinical characteristics of DN showed that CTGF, ALB, PDPN, FLT1, IGF1, WT1, GJA1, IGFBP2, FGF9, BMP2, FGF1, BMP7, VEGFA, and TGFBR3 may be involved in the progression of DN.<br /><br /> We confirmed the differentially expressed hub genes and other genes which may be the novel biomarker and target candidates in DN.<br /><br />We confirmed the differentially expressed hub genes and other genes which may be the novel biomarker and target candidates in DN.<br /><br /> The ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury of skin flap is a complex pathophysiological process involving many cells and factors. Although endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced cell apoptosis and inflammatory response are of immense importance in the skin flap ischemia, the treatment for I/R injury induced by ER stress is barely reported.<br /><br /> Healthy male Wister rats were randomly divided into three groups sham-operated group, I/R model group and I/R + LXA4 group. I/R-induced injury in skin flaps with or without pre-treatment of Lipoxin A4 (LXA4, 100 µg/kg) was tested by using HE and TUNEL staining. link3 Related factors associated with oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammatory response, and ER stress were tested by ELISA, biochemical assay, and western blotting, respectively.<br /><br /> Our results showed that LXA4 treatment significantly promotes skin flap survival and attenuates I/R injury by inhibiting oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammatory factor release, evidenced by the decreased expression of malondialdehyde (MDA), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), NF-κBp65, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), ET, active Caspase-3 and Bax and up-regulated superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) level and Bcl-2 expression. Moreover, LXA4 treatment also reverses the increased expression of GRP78, p-PERK, p-eIF2α, ATF4, and CHOP induced by I/R injury.<br /><br /> In conclusion, we showed that ER stress causes cell apoptosis and inflammatory response, resulting in the skin flaps injury. LXA4 exhibits a protective effect on skin flaps against I/R injury through the inhibition of ER stress.<br /><br />In conclusion, we showed that ER stress causes cell apoptosis and inflammatory response, resulting in the skin flaps injury. LXA4 exhibits a protective effect on skin flaps against I/R injury through the inhibition of ER stress.