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This study aimed to investigate the extent to which language-based bedtime routines (LBR) reported by parents before kindergarten were associated with early cognitive skills at kindergarten and subsequent academic achievement in typically developing children.<br /><br /> We followed a community-based sample of 664 French-speaking adolescents from kindergarten (5-6years) to the end of middle school (15years). Kindergarten measures included a parental questionnaire aimed at assessing the presence or absence of any kind of LBR, such as storytelling, looking at children's books, reading a story, listening to songs, or singing nursery rhymes, as well as family contextual characteristics. Children also performed standardized assessments of oral language, pre-reading skills, and non-verbal reasoning. In middle school, children sat a national diploma typically used as an indicator of general academic achievement in Grade 9.<br /><br /> After adjusting for family characteristics, the presence of language-based bedtime routines (57%) predicted cognitive-academic skills in kindergarten, and was positively associated with academic achievement at Grade 9, related to the beneficial effect on children's vocabulary in kindergarten.<br /><br /> The presence of language-based bedtime routines may provide an indicator of positive parental behaviour including exposure to literacy activities, contributing to children's early cognitive development and subsequent academic achievement.<br /><br />The presence of language-based bedtime routines may provide an indicator of positive parental behaviour including exposure to literacy activities, contributing to children's early cognitive development and subsequent academic achievement.Most Asteraceae species are pollinated by insects, mainly bees and butterflies, although pollination by birds has been documented and pollination by bats has been suggested for some species. Here, we investigated the pollination of Gongylolepis martiana, a species supposedly pollinated by bats. We assessed floral traits and visitors in a population of G. martiana in the Brazilian Amazon, measuring pollen removal from anthers and deposition on stigmas by diurnal and nocturnal visitors. Florets opened at dusk and lasted for 4 days, with the male phase starting on the first night and the female phase on the third night. Accumulated nectar per capitulum was 69.6 μl per night and sugar concentration was 15%. Nectar-feeding bats and hummingbirds contacted the sexual parts, but pollen removal and deposition were greater throughout the night than during the day, when Meliponini bees considerably reduced pollen availability. Other nocturnal visitors of G. martiana were rare, including nocturnal bees and moths that foraged for pollen and nectar, respectively. Our results support that nectarivorous bats are the main pollinators of G. martiana, confirming Vogel's hypothesis of bat pollination in Asteraceae, particularly in the genus Gongylolepis. Since anthesis and each sexual floral phase started in the evening, nectarivorous bats and diurnal bees caused additive priority effects, preventing hummingbirds from being efficient pollinators. The high density of flowering individuals of G. martiana in patches from white-sand forests likely increases bat attraction, while the small amount of nectar per plant favours cross-pollination. .<br /><br /> To investigate the validity and reliability of two variants of the Sit Up Squat Stand Test (SUSS) and Hand Grip Strength (HGS) in predicting BMI and BMI risk level in hospitalised patients with Anorexia Nervosa (AN).<br /><br /> 25 inpatients with AN were tested roughly weekly for up to 16weeks. Muscle power was assessed by two independent researchers.<br /><br /> Intra-class coefficients (ICCs) indicated high Inter-Rater Reliability (IRR) for the HGS (10 participants). Cohen's Kappa showed moderate IRR for the SUSS test (25 participants). Stepwise multiple regression showed that the SUSS tests plus HGS predicted BMI and BMI risk level explaining about two-third of the variance. Each test individually had lower predictive value. There was a little difference between the two versions of the SUSS tested.<br /><br /> HGS and SUSS are valid and reliable measurements of muscle power in AN. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/benzylpenicillin-potassium.html Benzylpenicillinpotassium] Together, the SUSS tests and the HGS represent a useful and effective measure of muscle power and hence one aspect of physical risk in Anorexia Nervosa. In the light of Covid restrictions, the SUSS test is one way that physical state can be monitored on video link in a way that is hard to falsify.<br /><br />HGS and SUSS are valid and reliable measurements of muscle power in AN. Together, the SUSS tests and the HGS represent a useful and effective measure of muscle power and hence one aspect of physical risk in Anorexia Nervosa. In the light of Covid restrictions, the SUSS test is one way that physical state can be monitored on video link in a way that is hard to falsify.<br /><br /> Hand hygiene is paramount in preventing healthcare-associated infections in medical environments and the spread of infectious diseases in non-medical environments.<br /><br /> This study used a randomised controlled trial to investigate the effects of a tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) oil disinfectant on hand disinfection and skin condition.<br /><br /> A tea tree oil group received 5mL of 10% tea tree oil disinfectant mixed in a ratio of 22115 of Melaleuca alternifolia oil, solubiliser, glycerin and sterile distilled water. Data collection took place between April 9 and April 13, 2018. The subjects were 112 healthy adults. An alcohol group received 2mL of a gel-type hand sanitiser comprising 83% ethanol used without water; a benzalkonium chloride group received 0.8mL of a foam-type hand sanitiser containing benzalkonium chloride used without water and a control group received no treatment. Subjective skin condition, transepidermal water loss and adenosine triphosphate were assessed, and a microbial culture test was performed following treatment.<br /><br /> The general characteristics and the pretreatment dependent variables did not differ significantly by group. Posttreatment adenosine triphosphate log<br /><br /> values significantly differed across all four groups (F=3.23, P=.025). Similarly, posttreatment bacterial density log<br /><br /> values differed significantly across the tea tree oil, alcohol, benzalkonium chloride and control groups (F=91.71, P&lt;.001).<br /><br /> The study confirmed that tea tree oil disinfectant is effective for hand disinfection. Accordingly, tea tree oil disinfectants may be introduced to nursing practice as a new hand hygiene product to prevent and reduce healthcare-associated infections.<br /><br />The study confirmed that tea tree oil disinfectant is effective for hand disinfection. Accordingly, tea tree oil disinfectants may be introduced to nursing practice as a new hand hygiene product to prevent and reduce healthcare-associated infections.