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The aristaless related homeobox (ARX) transcription factor plays a crucial role in glucagon-producing α-cell differentiation. Here, we generate an ARX reporter iPSC line by 3' fusion of an intervening viral T2A sequence followed by a nuclear-localized histone 2B-cyan fluorescent protein (nCFP). The resulting cells have a normal karyotype and preserved pluripotency. In vitro differentiation of the ARXnCFP/nCFP reporter iPSCs towards the endocrine lineage confirmed the specific co-expression of the reporter protein in human glucagon+ α-like cells. Thus, ARXnCFP/nCFP iPSC line will provide a powerful tool to monitor human α-cell progenitor differentiation as well as ARX+ α-like cell function in vitro.Bis-trpn [tris(3-aminopropyl)amine], capped dicopper complex of bicyclic cryptand L, 1, became a potential selective colorimetric chemosensor for azide anion. Complex 1 is generating a space inside the cylindrical cavity which will be opt for perfect linear recognition of azide anion through as N4-Cu⋯N3-⋯Cu-N4 axle. Naked eye colorimetric and UV-Vis spectrometric investigations shows the complex 1 has the capability of selective sensing of azide anion. The association constant and limits of detection (LoD) of complex 1 towards azide are found to be 2.754 × 103 M-1 and 1.91 × 10-6 M. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of selective colorimetric sensing of azide by a bis‑copper cryptate 1 via ideal linear orientation of N4-Cu⋯N3⋯Cu-N4 axle inside the cylindrical shaped cavity.Background Cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2), a measure of global oxygen metabolism, reflects resting cellular activity. The mechanisms underlying fatigue and cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis (MS) remain unknown. If fatigue indeed reflects ongoing autoimmune activity and cortical reorganization, and cognitive decline is the result of gray matter atrophy and white matter degeneration, we postulate that changes in CMRO2 should reflect disease activity and predict these symptoms. Objective We sought to utilize T2-Relaxation-Under-Spin-Tagging (TRUST) and phase-contrast (PC) MRI to measure global CMRO2 to understand its relationships to white matter microstructure, fatigue and cognitive dysfunction. Methods We measured venous oxygenation (TRUST) and cerebral blood flow (PC-MRI) in superior sagittal sinus to calculate global CMRO2 and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to evaluate white matter microstructure in healthy controls (HC) and MS patients. Participants underwent neuropsychological examinations including Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS) and Symbol-Digit-Modalities Test (SDMT). Results We observed lower CMRO2 in MS patients compared to HC. After controlling for demographic and disease characteristics (i.e., age, education, disability, lesion volume), CMRO2 predicted increased fatigue (MFIS) and reduced cognitive performance (SDMT) in MS patients. Finally, MS patients with higher CMRO2 have reduced FA in normal-appearing white-matter. Conclusion Altogether, these results suggest that increased CMRO2 reflects ongoing demyelination and autoimmune activity which plays an important role in both fatigue and cognitive dysfunction.ZNF804A has now been recognized as a schizophrenia risk gene by multiple genome-wide association studies with its intronic polymorphism rs1344706 being reported as the first genome-wide significant risk variant for schizophrenia. Although the functional impact of this gene is still unknown, rs1344706's contribution to the functional coupling between the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and the contralateral hippocampal formation (HF) has been reported by several studies. The current study tested whether the right DLPFC-left HF functional coupling showed plasticity during cognitive training (Study I) and whether rs1344706 affected the plasticity (Study II). In Study I, we conducted a randomized controlled trial with 30 subjects receiving 20 sessions of adaptive training on a memory span task (the training group) and 30 subjects practicing on a non-adaptive easy version of the same memory span task for 20 sessions (the control group). All subjects were scanned using fMRI before and after the training. Analyses of resting-state and task-state fMRI data consistently showed that the adaptive memory span training significantly strengthened the right DLPFC-left HF functional coupling. In Study II, we conducted a genetic association study with 101 subjects (combining the data from the training group in Study I with those from an additional subsequent sample of 71 subjects who received the same training and fMRI scans). Results showed that rs1344706 was significantly associated with training-induced changes in functional coupling. Subjects carrying the non-risk allele (C) of rs1344706 showed greater training-induced plasticity than the risk allele (A) homozygotes. These findings expanded our current understanding of the functional impact of the schizophrenia risk variant of ZNF804A gene and suggested that the ZNF804A gene could be used as a prospective target for future antipsychotic drugs and clinical research.Background Increasing evidence shows that the semantic variant of primary progressive aphasia (svPPA) is characterized by hippocampal atrophy. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/L-Adrenaline-Epinephrine.html https://www.selleckchem.com/products/L-Adrenaline-Epinephrine.html] However, less is known about disease-related morphological hippocampal changes. The goal of the present study is to conduct a detailed characterization of the impact of svPPA on global hippocampus volume and morphology compared with control subjects and patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods We measured hippocampal volume and deformation-based shape differences in 22 patients with svPPA compared with 99 patients with AD and 92 controls. Multiple Automatically Generated Templates Brain Segmentation Algorithm (MAGeT-Brain) was used on MRI images obtained at the diagnostic visit. Results Comparable left and right hippocampal atrophy were observed in svPPA and AD. Deformation-based shape analysis showed a common pattern of morphological deformation in svPPA and AD compared with controls. More specifically, both svPPA and AD showed inward deformations in the dorsal surface of the hippocampus, from head to tail on the left side, and more limited to the anterior portion of the body in the right hemisphere.