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As a kind of flavonoid, scutellarein is widely used to protect against various human diseases. Although the protective effects of scutellarein have been well studied, its influence on human reproduction remains unknown. In this research, we evaluated the effect of scutellarein on human sperm functions in vitro. Three different concentrations of scutellarein (1, 10, 100 μM) were applied to ejaculated human sperm. Fertilisation-essential functions, as well as the intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+ ]i ) and protein-tyrosine phosphorylation, two factors which are vital for sperm function regulation, were evaluated. The results demonstrated that all concentrations of scutellarein utilised in this study could significantly increase sperm spontaneous capacitation and acrosome reaction through the enhancement of [Ca2+ ]i . Besides, the level of tyrosine phosphorylation of sperm could also be increased by scutellarein. Meanwhile, the sperm motility could be improved by 10 and 100 μM scutellarein, which also make a significant enhancement in sperm penetration ability and hyperactivation. This is one of the limited studies showing the regulation of scutellarein on human spermatozoa functions and is helpful to enrich its application.MIL-88B(Fe)/cellulose microspheres (MIL-88B(Fe)/CMs) were characterized by the means of SEM, XRD, TGA and N2 adsorption-desorption test. The composite was used as the sorbent for fully automated dispersive pipette extraction (DPX), after introducing CMs as the support, the loss of MIL-88B(Fe) in DPX was avoided. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/azd9291.html AZD9291] Coupled to UPLC-MS/MS, the proposed method was employed for the analysis of trace sulfonamides (SAs) in milk samples. The parameters affecting the extraction efficiency, including pH of sample solution, the rate of aspiration and dispense, amount of the adsorbent, type and volume of elution solvent were optimized. Under the optimal conditions, good linearity (r ≥ 0.9978 for five analytes), high sensitivity (limit of detection 0.00660-0.0136 μg kg-1) and satisfactory recovery (69.8%-100.9%) were achieved. Furthermore, the sorbent showed desirable reusability over eight extraction cycles. Compared with other methods for the pretreatment of SAs, the proposed method showed advantages of high sensitivity, less sorbent consumption, environmental friendliness and automation, providing a promising protocol for sample preparation.Entropy-driven circuits (EDC) provides one isothermal and non-enzymatic signal amplification strategy. But the efficiency of EDC signal amplification is not enough high because only one single strand can be produced in each cycle of the typical EDC system. In this work, we proposed one strategy to improve the amplification efficiency of EDC-based biosensing. In this strategy, two signal strands were produced in one cycle. The G-triplex (G3)-forming sequence was used as signal strand, and the G3/thioflavin T (G3/ThT) was used as label-free fluorescence reporter in this EDC-based biosensing. The detection limit of this method was estimated to be 3.4 pM for target DNA, which was about 10 times lower than that of the conventional EDC method. Furthermore, the response time was shortened from more than 1 h-0.5 h. In a word, one enzyme-free and label-free EDC strategy was proposed to construct an efficient nucleic acid biosensing platform.Asthma is a respiratory inflammatory disease that seriously threatens human health. A growing body of evidence suggests that hypochlorous acid (HClO) plays an instrumental role in inflammation-related diseases, and therefore we hypothesize that it may be associated with asthma. Unfortunately, tracking HClO levels in asthma remains challenging due to the lack of effective measures for in vivo imaging. Herein, we exquisitely designed a near-infrared fluorescence probe dicyanomethylene-4H-pyran-dimethylthiocarbamyl (DCM-DMTC) for exploring the relationship between HClO and asthma, which has high sensitivity (about 76 times), a low limit of detection (44 nM), and great selectivity for HClO. In addition, the probe DCM-DMTC was successfully employed in tracing exogenous and endogenous HClO in living cells. Notably, the higher levels of HClO in the lungs of asthmatic mice than in normal mice were visualized by fluorescence imaging for the first time, indicating a remarkably intimate association between asthma and the overproduction of HClO.The ultrasensitive and rapid detection of ricin B toxin (RTB) is essential for food safety and environmental monitoring. Herein, a dual-mode magnetic relaxation switch (MRS) and fluorescence (FL) biosensing strategy was developed to efficiently detect RTB using fluorescent magnetic nanoparticles (MNP300@SiO2(FITC)). Meanwhile, the as-prepared composite MNP300@SiO2(FITC) exhibited superior biocompatibility and increased FL readout and was coupled with aptamer (Apt) to form a captured probe. Magnetic nanoparticles, 30 nm in diameter (MNP30), were coupled to a Blocker to form a paired probe to compete with RTB for Apt binding. The presence of the RTB triggered the dual-mode detection switch, thus, weakening the magnetic and fluorescent signals. Compared with the single-mode detection method, the Δ T2 and Δ FL intensity here exhibited an excellent linear relationship with logarithm of RTB concentrations at 0.001-500 ng/mL and 0.005-500 ng/mL, and obtained ultrahigh sensitivities of 0.8 pg/mL and 3 pg/mL, respectively. In addition, the dual-mode biosensor gained satisfactory spiked recoveries and relative standard deviations for quantitative detection of spiked RTB in edible oil and tap water samples. To our knowledge, this is the first study to describe the accurate quantification of RTB using a sensitive MRS-FL biosensor. We anticipate that this strategy will provide novel avenues for the development of dual-mode sensing assays.Several areas such as microbiology, botany, and medicine use genetic information and computational tools to organize, classify and analyze data. However, only recently has it been possible to obtain the chemical ontology of metabolites computationally. The systematic classification of metabolites into classes opens the way for adapting methods that previously used genetic taxonomy to now accept chemical ontology. Community ecology tools are ideal for this adaptation as they have mature methods and enable exploratory data analysis with established statistical tools. This study introduces the Metabology approach, which transforms metabolites into an ecosystem where the metabolites (species) are related by chemical ontology. In the present work, we demonstrate the applicability of this new approach using publicly available data from a metabolomics study of human plasma that searched for prognostic markers of COVID-19, and in an untargeted metabolomics study carried out by our laboratory using Lasiodiplodia theobromae fungal pathogen supernatants.As an important element in organism, the lack and excess of ferric ions (Fe3+) may lead to an extensive range of diseases presenting with distinct clinical manifestations. In our design, a multi-channel probe with reversible enol-to-keto-to-enol tautomerization for the specific recognition and high sensitivity detection of Fe3+ was prepared. This paper reported a novel Cop-NC probe, Tris (4-formylphenyl) amine bearing 1,4-cyclohexanedione groups, which provides binding site for Fe3+ and also contributes both fluorescent and electrochemical signals. The as-synthesized Cop-NC exhibit intense fluorescence under an excitation wavelength at 378 nm with a quantum yield of 26%. Results of spectroscopic measurement show that Fe3+ can significantly cause a "Switch-off" fluorescence intensity effect. Simultaneously, the addition of Fe3+ can cause a "Switch-on" effect in electrochemical channel. It has realized the detection of Fe3+ with concentration as low as 0.4 μM and 1.0 nM in the fluorescence channel and redox channel, respectively. The development of the joint probe with multi-channel signals provides a more convenient and rapid detection method for food, medical treatment, environmental monitoring and other fields.Alternaria toxins are naturally occurring contaminants found in natural products. Given the prevalence of Alternaria toxins and the complexity of oil-rich matrices, achieving ultra-trace analysis has become a daunting task. A new sample pretreatment technique, i.e., cold-induced liquid-liquid microextraction combined with serially-coupled-columns for SIDA-UHPLC-MS/MS, was developed and reported for the first time. Theoretical and experimental investigations on the mechanism and key parameters revealed that the proposed method achieved simultaneous purification and enrichment in one-step sample extraction with a superior limit of quantitation (0.15-1.5 μg kg-1), without further sample manipulation, such as fat removal or solvent exchange procedures prior to LC-MS. The method was validated taking into consideration EU guidelines and showed acceptable linearity (r ≥ 0.9991), accuracy with recoveries between 75 and 114% and precision with RSD≤9.7% for all of the analytes studied. It was successfully applied to the analysis of twenty samples sourced from the Mediterranean region in order to gain first insights into Alternaria toxins contaminations in olive oils. This technical approach is well suited for large-scale studies in a high-throughput and cost-effective quality assurance laboratory environments, and it has the potential to detect ultra-trace levels of toxins in complex samples, which may lead to the development of new and sustainable sample preparation procedures.SEVs (small extracellular vesicles) contents signatures appear to mirror pathological changes of diseases, and mapping sEVs contents profile is a promising approach for non-invasive diagnosis of the disease. Herein, we propose a universal system for accurately and damage-freely mapping of sEVs content profile using dual-recognition triggered CHA (catalytic hairpin assembly) and DNAzyme based signal amplification strategy. After immunoassay based capture of CD63 positive sEVs by anti-CD63 lgG coated on the surface of polystyrene plates, probes are incubated with fixed sEVs to penetrate sEVs membrane and act to sense sEVs contents. In detection step, integrated CHA and DNAzyme based strategy is initiated by released initiator from capture probe after recognizing targets, forming a dual circle signal recycling process, realizing signal amplification for high sensitivity. Given the attractive analytical features that i) a universal platform for indistinctive sEVs nucleic acids and protein molecules detection; ii) high sensitivity derived from dual circle signal recycling process; iii) enzyme-free characteristic of integrated CHA and DNAzyme minimizes the interference to sEVs biological activity; iv) mapping of sEVs contents profiles indicates a brand-new strategy for non-invasive diagnosis of the disease, the present approach shows great promise for analyzing additional different analytes in clinical and experimental researches.In-depth proteome quantitation is of great significance for understanding protein functions, advancing biological, medical, environmental and metabolic engineering research. Herein, benefiting from the high formation efficiencies and intensities of dimethyl-labeled a1 ions for accurate quantitation, we developed an in-depth a1 ion-based proteome quantitation method, named deep-APQ, by a sequential MS/MS acquisition of the high mass range for identification and the low mass range for a1 ion intensity extraction to increase quantitative protein number and sequence coverage. By the analysis of HeLa protein digests, our developed method showed deeper quantitative coverage than our previously reported a1 ion-based quantitation method without mass range segmentation and lower missing values than widely-used label-free quantitation method. It also exhibited excellent accuracy and precision within a 20-fold dynamic range. We further integrated a workflow combining the deep-APQ method with highly efficient sample preparation, high-pH and low-pH reversed-phase separation and high-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) to study E.