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Locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) is managed by Chemo-radiotherapy (CRT), followed by surgery. Herein we reported patients with metastases during or after CRT.<br /><br /> Data of patients with LARC who received CRT from 2008 to 2017 were reviewed. Patients with metastases after CRT were included. Those with metastatic tumors at the initial diagnosis were excluded.<br /><br /> Fourteen (1.3%) patients of 1092 received CRT presented with metastases. Magnetic resonance circumferential resection margin (mrCRM) and mesorectal lymph nodes (LNs) were positive in 12 (85.7%) patients. Meanwhile, magnetic resonance extramural vascular invasion (mrEMVI) was positive in 10 (71.4%) patients. Magnetic resonance tumor regression grade 4 (mrTRG4) and mrTRG5 was detected in 5 and one patient respectively. Ten (71.4%) patients underwent combined surgery and 3 (21.4%) received palliative chemotherapy.<br /><br /> Patients with metastases after CRT showed higher rate of positive mrCRM, mrEMVI, mesorectal LNs, and poor tumor response. Further studies with large number of patients are necessary for better survival outcomes in LARC.<br /><br />Patients with metastases after CRT showed higher rate of positive mrCRM, mrEMVI, mesorectal LNs, and poor tumor response. Further studies with large number of patients are necessary for better survival outcomes in LARC.We aimed to show that a standardized step-by-step robotic approach using surgical landmarks could make lateral pelvic lymph node dissection (LPND) less complicated. We performed robot-assisted LPND consisting of 4 steps using surgical landmarks. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/eflornithine-hydrochloride-hydrate.html DFMO cost] The first step is a dissection of uretero-hypogastric fascia, which envelopes the ureter and the hypogastric nerve. The second step is a dissection of the medial side of the external iliac vein located at the lateral border of the obturator lymph nodes (LNs) group. The third step is a dissection of the vesico-hypogastric fascia, which is at the medial border of the obturator LNs group. The final step is a dissection of the internal iliac artery until the Alcock's canal. Indocyanine green was injected just before surgery around the dentate line to identify the lateral pelvic LNs. Standardization using a robotic approach for LPND guided by surgical landmarks allows a safer and more effective surgery.<br /><br /> Patients with hemiplegia after stroke tend to bear weight on the non-paretic side and exhibit large postural sway during static standing and walking, which may increase their risk of falls. Improvement of the sitting posture balance in the early phase of rehabilitation by adjusting weight-bearing would minimize the risk of falls as early rehabilitation reportedly improves walking ability and prevents falls in later phases of rehabilitation or at discharge.<br /><br /> This study aimed to evaluate the effect of optokinetic stimulation (OKS) on shift of the weight-bearing (displacement of the center of pressure [CoP]) in patients with hemiplegia who are incapable of independent standing.<br /><br /> Quasi-experimental, cross-sectional study.<br /><br /> Rehabilitation hospital.<br /><br /> Patients with hemiplegia in the subacute phase after stroke (N.=37).<br /><br /> Standing and sitting balance tests were performed during OKS projected onto a screen. For OKS, a pattern of random dots was presented, which continuously moved in horizontal or torsional directhose with more severe symptoms.<br /><br /> OKS approach would improve exercise training in the early phase of rehabilitation of patients with hemiplegia after stroke.<br /><br />OKS approach would improve exercise training in the early phase of rehabilitation of patients with hemiplegia after stroke.We describe Obesostoma crinophilum sp. nov. (Ostracoda Podocopida Paradoxostomatidae) obtained from the body surface of the feather star Antedon serrata A. H. Clark, 1908 (Crinoidea Comatulida Antedonidae). This is the first report of Ostracoda associated with Crinoidea. None of the highly specialized appendages and/or carapace that are related to a commensal lifestyle were observed in O. crinophilum sp. nov. Therefore, the relationship between O. crinophilum sp. nov. and A. serrata must be transient rather than obligatory. However, O. crinophilum sp. nov. has a more developed hook-like distal claw on the antenna in comparison with four previously known Obesostoma species. The relatively well-developed distal claw of the antenna in O. crinophilum sp. nov. should indicate its intimate association with feather stars, though the feeding habit is still unknown.Presently, more than 40 species of the genus Milnesium Doyère, 1840 (Tardigrada Eutardigrada Apochela Milnesiidae) have been described. In Japan, however, almost all records of milnesiid tardigrades should be re-examined with the current criteria on the taxonomy of this genus, except for one species, the recently described Milnesium inceptum Morek, Suzuki, Schill, Georgiev, Yankova, Marley, and Michalczyk, 2019. In this study, we found two species, Milnesium pacificum sp. nov. and Milnesium tardigradum Doyère, 1840, from three southern islands and two cold regions in Japan, respectively. Milnesium pacificum sp. nov., having dorsal sculpturing, exhibits an early positive change in claw configuration. On the other hand, M. tardigradum s.s. from Japan has an early negative claw configuration change, as has been reported in a recent study on the neotype population of this species. We performed DNA barcoding for both species, which indicated that M. pacificum sp. nov. has a close affinity with an undescribed Milnesium species collected from Brazil, and that M. tardigradum from Japan represents the recently described subclade that contains specimens from Poland, Hungary, and Russia. The chromosome numbers were 2n = 14 in M. pacificum sp. nov. and 2n = 10 in M. tardigradum. We detected at least three species of the genus Milnesium present in Japan. Our results advance the investigation of the relationship between phylogenetic position and characteristic morphology as well as expand the known geographic range of M. tardigradum.Having been reported in 1898 for the first time from Japanese waters, the lineid heteronemertean Lineus longifissus auct. is known to inhabit tidal flats under the influence of the warm Kuroshio Current along the coasts of Honshu and southwestward, characteristically with a uniformly raisin-colored to black body lacking a caudal cirrus. The taxonomic identity of the Japanese L. longifissus auct. has been questioned by specialists because of some obvious morphological differences between Lineus longifissus (Hubrecht, 1887) s.str. (now in Heteronemertes Chernyshev, 1995), originally described from the subantarctic region. In the present study, we describe the Japanese L. longifissus auct. as Corsoua takakurai sp. nov. Before the present study, the genus Corsoua Corrêa, 1963 had been monotypic with the type species Corsoua kristenseni Corrêa, 1963 from the Caribbean. We infer the phylogenetic position of Corsoua takakurai within Lineidae based on the mitochondrial 16S rRNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, and the nuclear 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, and histone H3 genes.