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Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a serious psychiatric condition characterized by dysfunctional relations, abnormal social behavior, and high morbidity. Many studies have implicated abnormal oxytocinergic system as a causative factor of behavioral dysregulation in BPD patients. The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the association of oxytocin with the pathogenesis of BPD and its possible role as a therapeutic agent. Our review indicates that a combination of genetic and environmental factors causes BPD patients to have lower baseline levels of oxytocin, leading to increased activation of the amygdala. This results in defective cognition of social stimuli, leading to abnormal behaviors like affective instability, unresolved attachment, and emotional dysregulation. Clinical trials conducted on BPD patients using intranasal oxytocin have shown both prosocial and trust-lowering effects. The effects of oxytocin depend upon various patient characteristics like the history of childhood trauma and the nature of attachment. Even though evidence of oxytocin's role in modulating behavior in BPD patients already exists, further studies are required to more clearly elaborate on this role to fully explore oxytocin's potential as a therapeutic agent.Background The European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines for the diagnosis and management of pericardial diseases identify predictive factors of poor prognosis and advise either in favor or against hospitalization accordingly. We aim to evaluate the adequacy of hospitalization criteria in a cohort of patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with acute pericarditis. Methods Retrospective analysis of patients admitted to ED with acute pericarditis, from 2009 to 2019. During ED stay, all patients were evaluated by a cardiologist who decided if the patient was to be discharged or hospitalized. Hospitalized and discharged patients were compared regarding the primary outcome, defined by a composite of the need for pericardiocentesis and/or cardiac surgery, pericarditis recurrence, and all-cause death. The clinical decision was then counterpoised with ESC guidelines. Results A total of 192 patients were included in the analysis (median age 44.5 years old, 83.3% male) of which 87 (45.5%) were hospitalized. A total of 25% registered the primary outcome, mainly due to acute pericarditis recurrence, occurring in 21.9%. Predictors of recurrence were glucocorticoid therapy (Odds Ratio [OR]=11.93, 95% Confidence Inirtval [CI] 3.13-45.5, p less then 0.001), fever at admission (OR=2.67, 95% CI 1.29-5.49, p=0.008), immunosuppression (OR=4.03, 95% CI 1.280-12.659, p=0.017) and increased cardiothoracic index (OR 3.85, CI 95% 1.67-8.86, p=0.002). Regarding hospitalisation/discharge decision, the ESC guidelines were respected in 73.4% of the cases. However, no significant difference in the primary outcome was noted whether the ESC guidelines were respected or not (27.5% vs. 24.3%, p=0.707). Conclusions Discrepancy between current guidelines and the clinical decision did not translate into a different outcome.Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) of the upper extremities is usually secondary to inflammatory processes, malignancy, immobility from trauma, and inherited or acquired thrombophilias. This is a case of a young man who presented to our facility complaining of upper extremity pain and swelling. Imaging results showed thrombosis in the deep venous system of the left upper extremity, consistent with Paget-Schroetter syndrome.Background The principal manifestation of hyperuricemia is gout. Many drugs are in use nowadays to treat gout, but they are linked with multiple side effects. The present study observed berberine (from Chinese folk medicine) on serum and urinary uric acid levels in rats with potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemia. Materials and methods Thirty-six adult healthy female Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups of six rats each. To induce hyperuricemia, all the groups except Group A were given potassium oxonate (250 mg/kg) intraperitoneally on days 1, 3, and 7. Group A, the normal control group, was given normal saline for seven consecutive days intraperitoneally. Group C was administered allopurinol (5 mg/kg body weight) intraperitoneally, and Group D, E, and F were given berberine in doses of 0.75 mg/kg, 1.25 mg/kg, and 2.5 mg/kg body weight respectively intraperitoneally for seven consecutive days, one hour after the potassium oxonate injection. On zero, first, third, and seventh day of the experiment, blood and urine samples were taken to estimate the serum and urinary uric acid levels. On days zero and 7, serum uric acid was measured by cardiac puncture, while on days 1 and 3, it was measured by the tail prick method. The uric acid was measured by an enzymatic colorimetric method and creatinine by the Jaffe method. Fractional excretion of urate was also calculated. Results Berberine lowered serum uric acid levels in rats with potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemia with highly significant results (p-value less then 0.001) in all three dosages. Berberine increased the urinary uric acid level and the fractional excretion of urate in a time-dependent manner in all three dosages. This effect was maximally shown by low dose berberine with a highly significant result (p-value less then 0.001). Conclusion Berberine successfully decreased the serum uric acid level of hyperuricemic rats by increasing the urinary uric acid level and fractional excretion of urate.<br /><br /> We aimed to assess the incidence, management, and visual outcome of acute endophthalmitis in patients following intravitreal bevacizumab injection in a tertiary care setup. Itwas a prospective and single-center database study.<br /><br /> Patients receiving intravitreal bevacizumab injections for various retinal vascular diseases from January 2019 to September 2020. The study was carried out at the Institute of Ophthalmology, Mayo Hospital, Lahore over a period of 21 months. Preformed bevacizumab injections were administered intravitreally onpatients of various retinal vascular diseases under strict aseptic measures and by following the standard guidelines. The patients were put on follow-ups for a duration of four weeks to see any signs of acute endophthalmitis.<br /><br /> A total of 3051 injections were administered in 1104 eyes of 743 patients during the above-mentioned study period. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/1-nm-pp1.html selleck chemicals] The incidence of endophthalmitis was found to be 0.0328% (1/3051). The patient, who developed endophthalmitis, was treated with topical and intravitreal antibiotics followed by vitrectomy that resulted in clinically significant improvement in vision.