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Lateral dislocation of the subtalar joint is a relatively uncommon pathology. It has previously been described in the literature secondary to acute trauma. This form of dislocation can also be acquired and seen in severe long-standing cases of flatfoot and Charcot neuroarthropathy. This study aims to describe this "sidecar" deformity, etiologies of the deformity, and the surgical options for correction. This study was performed by reviewing medical records of a single foot and ankle surgeon for patients who met inclusion criteria and underwent surgical correction. The study period was from October 2010 to July 2017. Statistical analysis was performed using chart-review information to examine variables affecting selected outcome measures. The outcome measures evaluated were minor and major complications, as well as functional limb status. A total of 16 patients were included in the study. Etiology included 10 severe flatfoot deformities and 6 Charcot deformities. Seven patients underwent staged reconstruction, and 9 underwent a single-stage reconstruction. Seven patients (44%) had complications; all were major and required unplanned reoperation. In all 16 patients (100%), limb salvage and a functional limb resulted. We conclude that patients with a limb-threatening sidecar deformity can be successfully treated with reconstruction. This is challenging and associated with a high complication rate. Patients with a history of infection should be counseled on the possibility of requiring a staged reconstruction with multiple surgeries as well as the possibility of amputation. Although there is growing evidence supporting posterior-based surgical approaches to open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) of malleolar fractures, the lateral approach still remains the standard of care for this injury. The purpose of this review was to integrate the results of several studies investigating outcomes following posterior-based approaches to the ORIF of malleolar fractures. The literature search was undertaken using PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Embase. Crude event rates for fracture healing and postoperative complications were calculated. When possible, meta-analyses were conducted to estimate the relative risk of these outcomes between patients treated by posterior-based approaches versus other approaches to ORIF of malleolar fractures. Twenty-two studies were eligible, and 4 studies were included in the meta-analyses. The healing rate was 100% in all patients, regardless of the surgical approach. Overall, 1.26% of patients developed an infection, 0.63% required reoperation, 1.13% experienced aseptic loosening, 5.53% experienced pain after treatment, and 2.52% experienced symptomatic hardware. No malunion or heterotopic ossification was reported in any study. Among patients treated with a posterior-based approach, the most frequently reported complication was infection (2.50%), with lower rates of reoperation and postoperative pain. Patients with trimalleolar fractures experienced slightly poorer outcomes. Patients treated by posterior-based approaches had a significantly increased risk of infection (p = .010) relative to those treated by the lateral approach; patients treated by the lateral approach had a significantly increased risk of pain after surgery (p = .004) and symptomatic hardware (p = .007). This study brought together evidence that posterior-based surgical approaches and non-posterior-based approaches to ORIF are effective in healing malleolar fractures, with significant differences in specific postoperative complications that need to be further explored. Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) after total ankle replacement (TAR) is a challenging complication, which often requires debridement and implant retention (DAIR) with or without polyethylene exchange, revision surgery, implantation of a cement spacer, conversion to arthrodesis, or even amputation. The optimum treatment for ankle PJI is not well established. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the clinical effectiveness of various treatment strategies for infected ankle prostheses. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library up to December 2018 for studies evaluating the impact of treatment in patient populations with infected ankle prostheses following TAR. Binary data were pooled after arcsine transformation. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/2-bromohexadecanoic-acid.html 2-bromopalmitate supplier] Six citations comprising 17 observational design comparisons were included. The reinfection rates (95% confidence intervals) for DAIR with or without polyethylene exchange, 1-stage revision, 2-stage revision, cement spacer, and arthrodesis were 39.8% (24.4 to 56.1), 0.0% (0.0 to 78.7), 0.0% (0.0 to 8.5), 0.2% (0.0 to 17.9), and 13.6% (0.0 to 45.8), respectively. Rates of amputation for DAIR with or without polyethylene exchange and cement spacer were 5.6% (0.0 to 16.9) and 22.2% (6.3 to 54.7), respectively. Measures of function, pain, and satisfaction could not be compared because of limited data. One- and 2-stage revision strategies seem to be associated with the lowest reinfection rates, but these findings are based on limited data. Arthrodesis and DAIR with or without polyethylene exchange appear to be commonly used in treating infected ankle prosthesis, but are associated with poor infection control. Clear gaps exist in the literature, and further research is warranted to evaluate treatment strategies for infected ankle prosthesis. Treatment of displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures remains controversial. Therefore, the purpose of this large meta-analysis was to report the outcomes of the lateral extensile approach versus the minimal incision approach including complications, anatomic reduction, functional outcomes, and timing and to report results when only randomized control trials were compared. Five electronic databases were searched for articles directly comparing the 2 above approaches. link2 Inclusion criteria included articles published from January 2007 to April 2017, adults (&gt;18 years old) with closed, Sanders type II or III fractures, mean follow-up time of ≥12 months, and ≥1 primary outcome reported. Seventeen randomized control trials and 10 retrospective studies were included. There were 2179 participants with 2274 fractures, and mean follow-up of 22.41 months. Our results revealed no statistically significant difference in Gissane's angle, calcaneal width, calcaneal length, deep infection, or subtalar stiffness. When taking into consideration only randomized control trials, there was no statistically significant difference between groups comparing postoperative Bohler's or Gissane's angle. There was a statistically significant difference in wound complications, superficial infection, sural nerve injury, visual analog scale (VAS) and American Orthopaedic Foot &amp; Ankle Society (AOFAS) scores, operative time, time to operating room, calcaneal height, and postoperative Bohler's angle (when all studies were considered), all in favor of the minimal incision approach. These results remained statistically significant when only the randomized controlled trials were compared, with the exception of Bohler's angle and VAS and AOFAS scores. The results of this meta-analysis indicate that the minimal incision approach is a good alternative to the standard lateral extensile approach. link3 This clinical consensus statement of the American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons focuses on the highly debated subject of the management of adult flatfoot (AAFD). In developing this statement, the AAFD consensus statement panel attempted to address the most relevant issues facing the foot and ankle surgeon today, using the best evidence-based literature available. The panel created and researched 16 statements and generated opinions on the appropriateness of the statements. The results of the research on this topic and the opinions of the panel are presented here. The purpose of this study was to compare the mid-term clinical outcomes between screw internal fixation and Ilizarov external fixation in patients who underwent ankle arthrodesis and to elucidate the differences between the 2 fixation methods. This study investigated 43 ankles in 41 patients who underwent ankle arthrodesis at 1 of the 2 study institutions. There were 15 men and 26 women, and their mean age was 66.2 (range 49 to 87) years. The primary disease included osteoarthritis (OA) (79%), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (16.3%), and Charcot joint (4.7%). Patients were divided into 2 groups depending on the surgical approach the screw group (S) and the Ilizarov group (I). The following items were evaluated and compared between the 2 groups patient characteristics, Tanaka-Takakura classification based on preoperative plain X-ray images, duration of surgery, blood loss, surgical complications, time to start weightbearing, and the Japanese Society of Surgery of the Foot (JSSF) standard rating system for the ankle-hindfoot. Duration of surgery was significantly shorter in the S group (162.3 versus 194.9 min), and the amount of blood loss was also significantly lower in the S group (29.2 versus 97.5 ml). Preoperative JSSF scale was significantly lower in the I group (44.8 versus 33), but postoperative JSSF scale was not significantly different between the 2 groups (82.1 versus 77.9). The S group had satisfactory clinical outcomes with a shorter duration of surgery and smaller amount of blood loss than the I group. However, severe patients in the I group achieved similar treatment outcomes. Ankle fusion is a treatment option for end-stage ankle arthritis. Fusion site stability and optimal foot positioning are crucial parameters. We present the results of our double fixation technique, combining both cross-screw fixation and Ilizarov external fixator frame via transmalleolar approach. We reviewed the files from 52 patients operated for ankle fusion in our center. In our technique, we use a transmalleolar approach, initial stabilization with 2 cannulated, half-threaded cross screws, and final stabilization with an Ilizarov external fixator frame. Fusion stability, weightbearing time, complication rates, and final functional scores were recorded and evaluated. Mean frame removal time was 11.2 ± 2.1 weeks, and 71.6% of patients were fully weightbearing at that time. Absolute fusion stability was reported in 88.46% of patients at that time, while no pseudarthrosis was noted in final follow-up at 12 months. According to the American Orthopaedic Foot &amp; Ankle Society (AOFAS) hindfoot-ankle score evaluation at 12 months, 90.4% of patients reported excellent and 9.6% good results. None of the patients was referred for symptomatic forefoot arthritis, and there were no cases of deep infection or deep vein thrombosis. Material-related complications were reported in 1 patient who was treated with implant removal after 1 year. Ankle fusion is a salvage procedure that offers optimal results in end-stage ankle arthritis. Our technique offers absolute fusion site stability with excellent functional results, minor complications, and the advantages of early protected weightbearing. Careful patient selection in addition to fine foot positioning should be regarded as crucial for the final outcome. With promising technological advances, ankle arthroplasty has become an alternative to arthrodesis, traditionally the gold standard, for treating end-stage ankle arthritis. We collected knowledge and perceptions on both procedures to determine the need for a patient decision aid for these patients by administering a cross-sectional survey to 103 orthopaedic surgeons. Respondents were predominantly male and 41 to 50 years old. Half of those who stated that they do not perform arthroplasty said this was because they do not have adequate training. Additionally, certain variables were associated with the surgeon's choice of intervention patient gender, age, body mass index, postoperative activity level, employment type, perceived risk of infection, neurovascular injury or wound complication, risk of developing or pre-existing adjacent arthritis, deformity, malalignment, bone loss or abnormal bone quality, number of prior ankle operations, cause of arthritis, and desire for motion preservation. The majority agreed that they always incorporate patient preferences into their decisions and that a decision aid would be beneficial.