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Fenestrated-branched endovascular repair of thoracoabdominal aneurysms carries a risk of spinal cord ischemia owing to extensive coverage of intercostal arteries, but other consequences of decreased flow to the paraspinal muscles have not been delineated. We describe a 54-year-old woman treated by multibranched thoracoabdominal aneurysm repair who developed severe disabling exertional thoracic and lumbar back pain after the operation. Despite physical therapy, the patient remains with disabling symptoms at 2 years of follow-up. Transcutaneous oxygen pressures confirmed exercise-induced decrease in oxygen pressure, consistent with decreased muscle perfusion. We propose the term paraspinal muscle claudication to describe these symptoms.Surgical repair of iatrogenic femoral pseudoaneurysms in the setting of distorted anatomy, multiple prior interventions, and ongoing hemorrhage requires extensive proximal and distal dissection for control. Furthermore, profunda femoral and other arterial branch control may not always be feasible and can lead to considerable blood loss at the time of surgical exploration. We present a simple, safe, and effective hybrid approach for inflow, outflow, and branch control for treatment of a proximally located, actively expanding, iatrogenic common femoral artery pseudoaneurysm recalcitrant to multiple sessions of percutaneous thrombin injection.A 34-year-old woman who demonstrated an aberrant right subclavian artery aneurysm was referred to our hospital. Single-stage total endovascular therapy with preservation of the right vertebral artery using a surgeon-modified fenestrated stent graft was performed. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography on postoperative day 4 revealed the patency of the right vertebral artery with no evidence of endoleaks. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 6. Three years later, the patient had no adverse events. When an aberrant right subclavian artery aneurysm is anatomically suitable, single-stage total endovascular therapy for such an aneurysm is considered to be a feasible and appropriate minimally invasive treatment.Endovascular aortic repair is an accepted treatment option for patients with infrarenal aortic aneurysm. Type II endoleak associated with persistent aneurysmal sac growth is considered an adverse event requiring endoleak occlusion. We describe the case of a patient with type II endoleak after endovascular aortic repair for infrarenal aortic aneurysm associated with aortocaval fistula and persistent aneurysm growth. Type II endoleak embolization was successfully performed with coils and Onyx through a transcaval approach using an occlusion balloon and co-axial microcatheter.We demonstrate a methodology for replicating and projecting the path of COVID-19 using a simple epidemiology model. We fit the model to daily data on the number of infected cases in China, Italy, the United States, and Brazil. These four countries can be viewed as representing different stages, from later to earlier, of a COVID-19 epidemic cycle. We solve for a model-implied effective reproduction number R t each day so that the model closely replicates the daily number of currently infected cases in each country. For out-of-sample projections, we fit a behavioral function to the in-sample data that allows for the endogenous response of R t to movements in the lagged number of infected cases. We show that declines in measures of population mobility tend to precede declines in the model-implied reproduction numbers for each country. This pattern suggests that mandatory and voluntary stay-at-home behavior and social distancing during the early stages of the epidemic worked to reduce the effective reproduction number and mitigate the spread of COVID-19.<br /><br /> Due to uncertainties encompassing the transmission dynamics of COVID-19, mathematical models informing the trajectory of disease are being proposed throughout the world. Current pandemic is also characterized by surge in hospitalizations which has overwhelmed even the most resilient health systems. Therefore, it is imperative to assess health system preparedness in tandem with need projections for comprehensive outlook.<br /><br /> We attempted this study to forecast the need for hospital resources for one year period and correspondingly assessed capacity and tipping points of Indian health system to absorb surges in need due to COVID-19.<br /><br /> We employed age-structured deterministic SEIR model and modified it to allow for testing and isolation capacity to forecast the need under varying scenarios. Projections for documented cases were made for varying degree of containment and mitigation strategies. Correspondingly, data on health resources was collated from various government records. Further, we computed daily turnovs respectively would be required to commensurate with need under that scenario. However, if testing capacity is limited to 9,000,000 tests per day (current situation as of 19th August 2020) under continued social-distancing measures, documented cases would plummet significantly, still requiring 5x, 31x and 16x times the current allocated resources (beds for mild cases, ICU beds and mechanical ventilators respectively) to meet unmet need for COVID-19 treatment in India.<br /><br /> A 13-year-old boy with symptomatic focal epilepsy due to a right parietal dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (DNET) presented pre- and post-operatively fluctuating tinnitus and sensory symptoms which became persistent after incomplete tumor resection. He received low-frequency rTMS treatment and cathodal tDCS treatment.<br /><br /> Case report with clinical details and pictures from rTMS and tDCS stimulation targets.<br /><br /> The patient became symptom free with an initial low-frequency rTMS treatment series targeted to the EEG-verified epileptic zone followed by maintenance therapy at the same region with cathodal tDCS at home.<br /><br /> Both rTMS and tDCS could be more often used in adolescents when drug treatment and surgery do not cease focal epilepsy, here with fluctuating tinnitus.<br /><br />Both rTMS and tDCS could be more often used in adolescents when drug treatment and surgery do not cease focal epilepsy, here with fluctuating tinnitus.Excessive autophagy induces a defined form of cell death called autosis, which is characterized by unique morphological features, including ballooning of perinuclear space and biochemical features, including sensitivity to cardiac glycosides. Autosis is observed during the late phase of reperfusion after a period of ischemia and contributes to myocardial injury. This review discusses unique features of autosis, the involvement of autosis in myocardial injury, and the molecular mechanism of autosis. Because autosis promotes myocardial injury under some conditions, a better understanding of autosis may lead to development of novel interventions to protect the heart against myocardial stress.Preclinical large animal models of heart failure (HF) play a critical and expanding role in translating basic science findings to the development and clinical approval of novel therapeutics and devices. The complex combination of cardiovascular events and risk factors leading to HF has proved challenging for the development of new treatments for these patients. This state-of-the-art review presents historical and recent studies in porcine, ovine, and canine models of HF and outlines existing methodologies and physiological phenotypes. The translational importance of large animal studies to clinical success is also highlighted with an overview of recent devices approved by the Food and Drug Administration, together with preclinical HF animal studies used to aid both development and safety and/or efficacy testing. Increasing the use of large animal models of HF holds significant potential for identifying the novel mechanisms underlying the clinical condition and to improving physiological and economical translation of animal research to successfully treat human HF.This multidisciplinary work shows the feasibility of replacing the fetal pulmonary valve with a percutaneous, transcatheter, fully biodegradable tissue-engineered heart valve (TEHV), which was studied in vitro through accelerated degradation, mechanical, and hemodynamic testing and in vivo by implantation into a fetal lamb. The TEHV exhibited only trivial stenosis and regurgitation in vitro and no stenosis in vivo by echocardiogram. Following implantation, the fetus matured and was delivered at term. Replacing a stenotic fetal valve with a functional TEHV has the potential to interrupt the development of single-ventricle heart disease by restoring proper flow through the heart.Large clinical trials designed to test the efficacy of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) in patients with heart failure did not demonstrate benefits with respect to the primary endpoints. The nonselective nature of VNS may account for the failure to translate promising results of preclinical and earlier clinical studies. This study showed that optogenetic stimulation of vagal pre-ganglionic neurons transduced to express light-sensitive channels preserved left ventricular function and exercise capacity in a rat model of myocardial infarction-induced heart failure. These data suggested that stimulation of vagal efferent activity is critically important to deliver the therapeutic benefit of VNS in heart failure.This study measured how heart failure affects the contractile properties of the human myocardium from the left and right ventricles. The data showed that maximum force and maximum power were reduced by approximately 30% in multicellular preparations from both ventricles, possibly because of ventricular remodeling (e.g., cellular disarray and/or excess fibrosis). Heart failure increased the calcium (Ca2+) sensitivity of contraction in both ventricles, but the effect was bigger in right ventricular samples. The changes in Ca2+ sensitivity were associated with ventricle-specific changes in the phosphorylation of troponin I, which indicated that adrenergic stimulation might induce different effects in the left and right ventricles.Patients with coronary artery disease and renal insufficiency (RI) (estimated glomerular filtration rate median) were at a similar risk as those without RI.Valvular heart diseases are associated with significant cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and often require surgical and/or percutaneous repair or replacement. Valve replacement is limited to mechanical and biological prostheses, the latter of which circumvent the need for lifelong anticoagulation but are subject to structural valve degeneration (SVD) and failure. Although calcification is heavily studied, noncalcific SVD, which represent roughly 30% of BHV failures, is relatively underinvestigated. This original work establishes 2 novel and interacting mechanisms-glycation and serum albumin incorporation-that occur in clinical valves and are sufficient to induce hallmarks of structural degeneration as well as functional deterioration.The high mortality rate from the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections in humans and the lack of effective therapeutic regime for its treatment necessitates the identification of new antivirals. SARS-CoV-2 relies on non-structural proteins such as Nsp13 helicase and nsp14 which are the key components of the replication-transcription complex (RTC) to complete its infectious life cycle. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/iox2.html IOX2 chemical structure] Therefore, targeting these essential viral proteins with small molecules will most likely to halt the disease pathogenesis. The lack of experimental structures of these proteins deters the process of structure-based identification of their specific inhibitors. In the present study, the in silico models of SARS-CoV-2 nsp13 helicase and nsp14 protein were elucidated using a comparative homology modelling approach. These in silico model structures were validated using various parameters such as Ramachandran plot, Verify 3D score, ERRAT score, knowledge-based energy and Z-score. The in silico models were further used for virtual screening of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved antiviral drugs.