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Minimal focus has been placed on variations in health care delivery for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). This study compared positive airway pressure usage in developing countries (Brazil and Mexico) vs. a developed country (United States) and investigated the impact of a patient engagement tool (myAir; ResMed, San Diego, CA) on adherence.<br /><br /> Deidentified data from the AirView database (ResMed) for patients receiving positive airway pressure therapy with wirelessly connected Air10 (AirSense and AirCurve) devices in Brazil, Mexico, and the United States were analyzed. Adherence was defined using US Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) criteria (usage ≥ 4 h/night on ≥ 70% of nights in the first 90 days).<br /><br /> The analysis included 4,181,490 patients (Brazil 31,672; Mexico 16,934; United States 4,132,884). CMS adherence over 90 days was slightly lower in Latin America vs. the United States (Brazil 71.7%; Mexico 66.4%; United States 74.0%). [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/mbx-8025.html Metabolism agonist] Significantly fewer patients were using the patient engagement tool in Brazil (8.1%) and Mexico (2.8%) vs. the United States (26%; both P &lt; .001). Patients registered to use an engagement tool had a higher rate of CMS adherence and were twice as likely to achieve CMS adherence. Average daily usage and days with usage &gt; 4 hours in the first week were the strongest predictors of CMS adherence. Across all countries, &gt; 80% of patients meeting CMS criteria at 3 months were still using positive airway pressure therapy at 1 year, with 1-year adherences rates of &gt; 75%.<br /><br /> Short-term and long-term positive airway pressure adherence rates in Brazil and Mexico were similar to those achieved in the United States. Patients who registered to use an engagement tool consistently had better adherence than those who did not.<br /><br />Short-term and long-term positive airway pressure adherence rates in Brazil and Mexico were similar to those achieved in the United States. Patients who registered to use an engagement tool consistently had better adherence than those who did not.<br /><br /> The Nocturia Sleep Quality Scale (NSQS), a novel patient-reported outcomes measure, was developed to assess the impact of sleep disturbance from nocturia. The objective of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of the NSQS, including its structure, reliability, and validity.<br /><br /> Data were collected in the context of a web-based, prospective, longitudinal, observational study. Participants with nocturia were randomized 11 to either a group that received sleep hygiene instructions, including instructions to limit liquids at nighttime and empty bladder prior to bedtime, or one that did not receive sleep instructions. All participants were asked to provide responses to the web-based questionnaires from day 1 to day 10. Psychometric analyses, aligned with current regulatory guidance, were conducted to evaluate the daily scores and 3-day average scores of NSQS items and potential composites. Item-level analyses were conducted first, followed by composite-level analyses.<br /><br /> The NSQS items and supporting measures demonstrated very slight improvement in patient-perceived sleep disturbance from nocturia over the course of the study. NSQS test-retest reliabilities were generally satisfactory. Correlations between NSQS items and related patient-reported measures tended to support the construct validity of the NSQS, and the known-groups analyses supplied evidence of its discriminating ability. NSQS responsiveness statistics were small.<br /><br /> The NSQS is a reliable and valid measure of the impact of nocturia on patients' sleep. The present analyses lay the psychometric groundwork for the use of the NSQS in future clinical trials to support product approval and labeling claims.<br /><br />The NSQS is a reliable and valid measure of the impact of nocturia on patients' sleep. The present analyses lay the psychometric groundwork for the use of the NSQS in future clinical trials to support product approval and labeling claims.<br /><br /> This study evaluates the effectiveness of adenotonsillectomy in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea in children with major psychiatric disorders as measured by polysomnography and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) at a tertiary children's hospital. Adults with major psychiatric disorders often have higher rates of obstructive sleep apnea and decreased response to treatment. The goal was to determine if children with serious mental illness had outcomes similar to their adult counterparts.<br /><br /> A retrospective chart review was undertaken to identify children with obstructive sleep apnea and major psychiatric disorders who underwent adenotonsillectomy as part of their treatment for obstructive sleep apnea and had undergone preoperative and postoperative polysomnography as well as ESS. A multivariable model was run for each of the postoperative outcomes (ESS, obstructive apnea-hypopnea index, or body mass index percentile), adjusting for their respective preoperative value, age, and group.<br /><br /> There were 34 patients who qualified for this study and who were matched with 66 controls. There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in terms of change in ESS, obstructive apnea-hypopnea index, or body mass index percentile, both before and after adjusting for age. The only significant findings were that preoperative ESS and body mass index percentile were predictive of postoperative ESS and body mass index percentile for both groups.<br /><br /> Children with psychiatric disorders in our institution respond to surgical management of obstructive sleep apnea similar to pediatric controls without mental illness despite comorbidities and central-acting medications that may alter sleep.<br /><br />Children with psychiatric disorders in our institution respond to surgical management of obstructive sleep apnea similar to pediatric controls without mental illness despite comorbidities and central-acting medications that may alter sleep.<br /><br /> Current standards of care suggest the use of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIV) in children with spinal muscular atrophy and symptomatic respiratory failure. Theoretical concerns exist regarding NIV equipment as a source of infection in restrictive lung disease due to the possibility of prolonged NIV device use, greater risk in acquiring infections, and difficulties in managing and clearing infections. NIV devices may draw pathogens through the air inlet port that may contaminate the internal surfaces. These pathogens may then infect children with spinal muscular atrophy. We present a case of 2 genetically identical Pseudomonas aeruginosa cultures from both the patient's NIV device and from nasopharyngeal samples. This infection persisted both in nasopharyngeal aspirate cultures and from NIV equipment cultures despite the use of an eradication program involving both the child and the NIV device.<br /><br />Current standards of care suggest the use of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIV) in children with spinal muscular atrophy and symptomatic respiratory failure.