Zobrazení zdroje stránky Strangebrennan0954

Primary outcomes are BCG-specific IFN-γ responses (8 weeks after BCG) and for other vaccines, antibody responses to key vaccine antigens at 4 weeks after immunisation. Secondary analyses will determine effects of interventions on correlates of protective immunity, vaccine response waning, priming versus boosting immunisations, and parasite infection status and intensity. Overarching analyses will compare outcomes between the three trial settings. Sample archives will offer opportunities for exploratory evaluation of the role of immunological and 'trans-kingdom' mediators in parasite modulation of vaccine-specific responses.<br /><br /> Ethics approval has been obtained from relevant Ugandan and UK ethics committees. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/pha-848125.html Milciclib] Results will be shared with Uganda Ministry of Health, relevant district councils, community leaders and study participants. Further dissemination will be done through conference proceedings and publications.<br /><br /> ISRCTN60517191, ISRCTN62041885, ISRCTN10482904.<br /><br />ISRCTN60517191, ISRCTN62041885, ISRCTN10482904.<br /><br /> Current guidelines do not recommend direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) to treat cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) despite their benefits over standard therapy. We performed a systematic review to summarise the published experience of DOAC therapy in CVT.<br /><br /> MEDLINE, Embase and COCHRANE databases up to 18 November 2020.<br /><br /> All published articles of patients with CVT treated with DOAC were included. Studies without follow-up information were excluded.<br /><br /> Two independent reviewers screened articles and extracted data. A risk of bias analysis was performed.<br /><br /> Safety data included mortality, intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) or other adverse events. Efficacy data included recurrent CVT, recanalisation rates and disability by modified Rankin Scales (mRS).<br /><br /> 33 studies met inclusion criteria. One randomised controlled trial, 5 observational cohorts and 27 case series or studies reported 279 patients treated with DOAC for CVT 41% dabigatran, 47% rivaroxaban, 10% apixaban and 2% edoxaban, in addition to 315 patients treated with standard therapy. The observational cohorts showed a similar risk of death in DOAC and standard therapy arms (RR 2.12, 95% CI 0.29 to 15.59). New ICH was reported in 2 (0.7%) DOAC-treated patients and recurrent CVT occurred in 4 (1.5%). A favourable mRS between 0 and 2 was reported in 94% of DOAC-treated patients, more likely than standard therapy in observational cohorts (RR 1.13, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.25).<br /><br /> The evidence for DOAC use in CVT is limited although suggests sufficient safety and efficacy despite variability in timing and dose of treatment. This systematic review highlights that further rigorous trials are needed to validate these findings and to determine optimal treatment regimens.<br /><br />The evidence for DOAC use in CVT is limited although suggests sufficient safety and efficacy despite variability in timing and dose of treatment. This systematic review highlights that further rigorous trials are needed to validate these findings and to determine optimal treatment regimens.<br /><br /> The objective of this study was to explore the impact of Taiwan's Family Practice Integrated Care Project (FPICP) on hospitalisation.<br /><br /> A population-based cohort study compared the hospitalisation rates for ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSCs) among FPICP participating and non-participating patients during 2011-2015.<br /><br /> The study accessed the FPICP reimbursement database of Taiwan's National Health Insurance (NHI) administration containing all NHI administration-selected patients for FPICP enrolment.<br /><br /> The NHI administration-selected candidates from 2011 to 2015 became FPICP participants if their primary care physicians joined the project, otherwise they became non-participants.<br /><br /> The intervention of interest was enrolment in the FPICP or not. The follow-up time interval for calculating the rate of hospitalisation was the year in which the patient was selected for FPICP enrolment or not.<br /><br /> The study's primary outcome measures were hospitalisation rates for ACSC, including asthma/chronic obstructive participation in the FPICP is an independent protective factor for preventable ACSC hospitalisation. Team-based community healthcare programs such as the FPICP can strengthen primary healthcare capacity.<br /><br /> Cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence is elevated among people with psychological distress. However, whether the relationship is causal is unclear, partly due to methodological limitations, including limited evidence relating to longer-term rather than single time-point measures of distress. We compared CVD relative risks for psychological distress using single time-point and multi-time-point assessments using data from a large-scale cohort study.<br /><br /> We used questionnaire data, with data collection at two time-points (time 1 between 2006 and 2009; time 2 between 2010 and 2015), from CVD-free and cancer-free 45 and Up Study participants, linked to hospitalisation and death records. The follow-up period began at time 2 and ended on 30 November 2017. Psychological distress was measured at both time-points using Kessler 10 (K10), allowing assessment of single time-point (at time 2 high (K10 score 22-50) vs low (K10 score &lt;12)) and multi-time-point (high distress (K10 score 22-50) at both time-points vs low ded, the distress-CVD relationship is substantively explained by sociodemographic characteristics and pre-existing physical health-related factors.<br /><br />Irrespective of whether a single time-point or multi-time-point measure is used, the distress-CVD relationship is substantively explained by sociodemographic characteristics and pre-existing physical health-related factors.<br /><br /> Gallbladder cancer (GBC), the sixth most common gastrointestinal tract cancer, poses a significant disease burden in China. However, no national representative data are available on the clinical characteristics, treatment and prognosis of GBC in the Chinese population.<br /><br /> The Chinese Research Group of Gallbladder Cancer (CRGGC) study is a multicentre retrospective registry cohort study. Clinically diagnosed patient with GBC will be identified from 1 January 2008 to December, 2019, by reviewing the electronic medical records from 76 tertiary and secondary hospitals across 28 provinces in China. Patients with pathological and radiological diagnoses of malignancy, including cancer in situ, from the gallbladder and cystic duct are eligible, according to the National Comprehensive Cancer Network 2019 guidelines. Patients will be excluded if GBC is the secondary diagnosis in the discharge summary. The demographic characteristics, medical history, physical examination results, surgery information, pathological data, laboratory examination results and radiology reports will be collected in a standardised case report form. By May 2021, approximately 6000 patient with GBC will be included. The clinical follow-up data will be updated until 5 years after the last admission for GBC of each patient. The study aimed (1) to depict the clinical characteristics, including demographics, pathology, treatment and prognosis of patient with GBC in China; (2) to evaluate the adherence to clinical guidelines of GBC and (3) to improve clinical practice for diagnosing and treating GBC and provide references for policy-makers.<br /><br /> The protocol of the CRGGC has been approved by the Committee for Ethics of Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SHEC-C-2019-085). All results of this study will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at relevant conferences.<br /><br /> NCT04140552, Pre-results.<br /><br />NCT04140552, Pre-results.<br /><br /> Socioeconomic status (SES) affects physical and mental health and cognitive functioning. The association between SES changes (SES mobility) and health has ethical and political implications in that the pernicious effects of inequality and the differential impact on social classes of economic and social policies. There is a lack of research conducted to explore the intergenerational transmission of parental SES changes on the offspring's mental health and cognitive functioning. We aim to fill this gap and identify roles of parental SES changes in offspring's mental health and cognitive outcomes.<br /><br /> This study will be based on a longitudinal cohort from the most populous municipality in the Canadian province of Quebec. Participants and their biological offspring will be invited to this study. For those with informed consent, we will collect their information on mental health, psychiatric disorders, cognitive functioning and early life experiences for offspring. Latent class growth analysis will be used to idencation in peer-reviewed academic journals and presentations at conferences. Lay summaries of major research findings will also be shared annually with our partners in the health system and community agencies located in the catchment area.<br /><br /> This study aims to examine the outcome of haematological and patients with solid cancer presenting with sepsis to the emergency department (ED).<br /><br /> Single-centred, retrospective cohort study. Setting conducted at an academic emergency department of a tertiary hospital.<br /><br /> All patients &gt;18 years of age admitted with sepsis were included.<br /><br /> Patients were stratified into two groups haematological and solid malignancy.<br /><br /> The primary outcome of the study was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included intensive care unit (ICU) mortality, ICU and hospital lengths of stay and mechanical ventilation duration.<br /><br /> 442 sepsis cancer patients were included in the study, of which 305 patients (69%) had solid tumours and 137 patients (31%) had a haematological malignancy. The mean age at presentation was 67.92 (±13.32) and 55.37 (±20.85) (p&lt;0.001) for solid and liquid tumours, respectively. Among patients with solid malignancies, lung cancer was the most common source (15.6%). As for the laboratory workup, sept.<br /><br /> Most non-communicable diseases are preventable and largely driven by the consumption of harmful products, such as tobacco, alcohol, gambling and ultra-processed food and drink products, collectively termed unhealthy commodities. This paper explores the links between unhealthy commodity industries (UCIs), analyses the extent of alignment across their corporate political strategies, and proposes a cohesive systems approach to research across UCIs.<br /><br /> We held an expert consultation on analysing the involvement of UCIs in public health policy, conducted an analysis of business links across UCIs, and employed taxonomies of corporate political activity to collate, compare and illustrate strategies employed by the alcohol, ultra-processed food and drink products, tobacco and gambling industries.<br /><br /> There are clear commonalities across UCIs' strategies in shaping evidence, employing narratives and framing techniques, constituency building and policy substitution. There is also consistent evidence of business links bes interests, and thereby contributing to the perpetuation of non-communicable diseases. A cohesive systems approach to research across UCIs is required to deepen shared understanding of this complex and interconnected area and also to inform a more effective and coherent response.<br /><br /> Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are widely used for diagnosing <br /><br /> malaria, especially in resource-limited countries. However, the impact of RDTs on <br /><br /> malaria incidence and national medical costs has not been evaluated. We assessed the impact of RDT implementation on <br /><br /> malaria incidence and overall medical expenditures in South Korea and performed a cost-benefit analysis from the payer's perspective.<br /><br /> We developed a dynamic compartmental model for <br /><br /> malaria transmission in South Korea using delay differential equations. Long latency and seasonality were incorporated into the model, which was calibrated to civilian malaria incidences during 2014-2018. We then estimated averted malaria cases and total medical costs from two diagnostic scenarios microscopy only and both microscopy and RDTs. Medical costs were extracted based on data from a hospital in an at-risk area for <br /><br /> malaria and were validated using Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service data. We conducted a cost-benefit analysis of RDTs using the incremental benefitcost ratio (IBCR) considering only medical costs and performed a probabilistic sensitivity analysis to reflect the uncertainties of model parameters, costs and benefits.