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The derivation orderαof the f1C model can be interpreted as a measure of microvascular RTK. With increasing blood flow,αdropped significantly, leading to an increase in RTK.Significance. The f1C model is a practical approach based on hemodynamic principles to quantify physiological microvascular perfusion but it is impaired due to its compartmental nature.Multiple injection dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) scanning is used in the clinical management of certain groups of patients and in medical research. The analysis of these studies can be approached in two ways (i) separate analysis of data from individual tracer injections, or (ii), concatenate/pool data from separate injections and carry out a combined analysis. The simplicity of separate analysis has some practical appeal but may not be statistically efficient. We use a linear model framework associated with a kinetic mapping scheme to develop a simplified theoretical understanding of separate and combined analysis. The theoretical framework is explored numerically using both 1D and 2D simulation models. These studies are motivated by the breast cancer flow-metabolism mismatch studies involving15O-water (H2O) and18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and repeat15O-H2O injections used in brain activation investigations. Numerical results are found to be substantially in line with the simple theoretical analysis mean square error characteristics of alternative methods are well described by factors involving the local voxel-level resolution of the imaging data, the relative activities of the individual scans and the number of separate injections involved. While voxel-level resolution has dependence on scan dose, after adjustment for this effect, the impact of a combined analysis is understood in simple terms associated with the linear model used for kinetic mapping. This is true for both data reconstructed by direct filtered backprojection or iterative maximum likelihood. The proposed analysis has potential to be applied to the emerging long axial field-of-view PET scanners.Objective. We evaluate the stride segmentation performance of the Adaptive Empirical Pattern Transformation (ADEPT) for subsecond-level accelerometry data collected in the free-living environment using a wrist-worn sensor.Approach. We substantially expand the scope of the existing ADEPT pattern-matching algorithm. Methods are applied to subsecond-level accelerometry data collected continuously for 4 weeks in 45 participants, including 30 arthritis and 15 control patients. We estimate the daily walking cadence for each participant and quantify its association with SF-36 quality of life measures.Main results. We provide free, open-source software to segment individual walking strides in subsecond-level accelerometry data. Walking cadence is significantly associated with the role physical score reported via SF-36 after adjusting for age, gender, weight and height.Significance. Methods provide automatic, precise walking stride segmentation, which allows estimation of walking cadence from free-living wrist-worn accelerometry data. Results provide new evidence of associations between free-living walking parameters and health outcomes.The use of multi-pinhole collimation has enabled ultra-high-resolution imaging of SPECT and PET tracers in small animals. Key for obtaining high-quality images is the use of statistical iterative image reconstruction with accurate energy-dependent photon transport modelling through collimator and detector. This can be incorporated in a system matrix that contains the probabilities that a photon emitted from a certain voxel is detected at a specific detector pixel. Here we introduce a fast Monte-Carlo based (FMC-based) matrix generation method for pinhole imaging that is easy to apply to various radionuclides. The method is based on accelerated point source simulations combined with model-based interpolation to straightforwardly change or combine photon energies of the radionuclide of interest. The proposed method was evaluated for a VECTor PET-SPECT system with (i) a HE-UHR-M collimator and (ii) an EXIRAD-3D 3D autoradiography collimator. Both experimental scans with99mTc,111In, and123I, and simulated scans w for ultra-high-resolution pinhole SPECT.MRIgRT falls outside the scope of existing CoPs, because do not consider the effects of the magnetic field on detector response and on absorbed dose to water. The aim of this study is to evaluate and demonstrate the traceable measurement of absorbed dose in MRIgRT systems using alanine, made possible by the characterisation of alanine sensitivity to magnetic fields reported previously (Billas et al., 2020), in a way which is compatible with existing standards and calibrations available for conventional radiotherapy. In this study, alanine is used to transfer absorbed dose to water to MRIgRT systems from conventional linac. This alternative route for traceable measurement of absorbed dose to water is independent of the transfer using ionisation chambers. [https://www.selleckchem.com/Proteasome.html Proteasome inhibitor review] Alanine dosimetry is analysed in combination with measurements with several Farmer-type chambers, PTW/30013 and IBA/FC65-G, at six different centres and two different MRIgRT systems (Elekta Unity™ and ViewRay MRIdian™). The results are analysed in terms of the magnetic field correction factor, kQB,Q, and in terms of absorbed dose calibration coefficients for the chambers, determined at each centre. Results of following this approach to reference dosimetry in MRIgRT are consistent, across the centres visited, at the level of 0.41% (standard deviation). Farmer-type chamber kQB,Qdetermined directly, by comparing calibrations in some MRIgRT systems with and without the magnetic field ramped up, and indirectly, by comparing calibrations in all the MRIgRT systems with calibrations in a conventional linac. Calibration coefficients in the MRIgRT systems were obtained with a standard uncertainty of 1.06% (Elekta Unity™) and 0.92% (ViewRay MRIdian™), for three different chamber orientations. The values obtained for the kQB,Qin this investigation are consistent with those presented in the summary by de Pooter et al. (2020), and would tend to support the adoption of a kQB,Qwhich depends on the chamber type, PTW/30013 or IBA/FC65-G.