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0004) were associated with outcome measures. In the adjusted model, air pollution ( <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /> β<br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /> 1<br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /> =4.5, <br /><br /> =0.0127, |t|=3.1) and overweight prevalence ( <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /> β<br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /> 1<br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /> =4.7, <br /><br /> =0.0187, |t|=2.9) were the most significant exposure variable for spreading of COVID-19.<br /><br /> Our findings showed that countries with larger PM<br /><br /> values and comparatively more overweight populations are at higher risk of spreading COVID-19. Proper preventive measures may reduce the spreading.<br /><br />Our findings showed that countries with larger PM2.5 values and comparatively more overweight populations are at higher risk of spreading COVID-19. Proper preventive measures may reduce the spreading.<br /><br /> To describe a case of diffuse retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) disturbance following 23-gauge pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with the inverted internal limiting membrane (ILM) technique and Brilliant Blue staining for a high myopic macular hole (MH).<br /><br /> A 53-year-old pseudophakic high myopic female was referred to the Vitreoretinal Department with a diagnosis of a full thickness myopic MH of her right eye. Her initial visual acuity was 20/40 of her right eye and 20/20 in the left eye. She underwent routine PPV with inverted ILM flap assisted by repeated brilliant blue staining. Surgery was uneventful without any intraoperative complications. MH closure was obtained within the first days. Three weeks postoperatively, the patient reported a decline in visual acuity of her right eye. Upon examination, her visual acuity decreased to 20/400. Fundus examination showed diffuse pigmentary changes with mottling at the level of the RPE, which later progressed to severe diffuse atrophy, as confirmed by fundus autofluorescence (FAF). After 12 months, visual acuity remained 20/400 with widespread areas of atrophy.<br /><br /> Uncomplicated routinary PPV assisted with Brilliant Blue, can lead to unexplained atrophy of the RPE. Possible causes include light phototoxicity, dye toxicity or both.<br /><br />Uncomplicated routinary PPV assisted with Brilliant Blue, can lead to unexplained atrophy of the RPE. Possible causes include light phototoxicity, dye toxicity or both.<br /><br /> To describe the clinical and histopathological features of a case of choroidal melanocytoma treated by local resection.<br /><br /> A 73-year-old man was referred to our hospital with a clinical diagnosis of choroidal melanoma. His best corrected visual acuity at presentation was 20/20 OU. Ocular fundus examination of his right eye showed a pigmented intraocular tumor. Local resection of the tumor was performed under general anesthesia. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/srt2104-gsk2245840.html selleck chemicals llc] Histopathological examination of the excised tumor showed proliferation of round to ovoid cells with abundant cytoplasm containing many melanosomes and uniform nuclei and these histopathological findings were compatible with a diagnosis of choroidal melanocytoma. Visual acuity of 20/200 OD has been maintained for over 4 years without local recurrence.<br /><br /> Clinical diagnosis of choroidal melanocytoma, especially differentiation from melanoma, is difficult and challenging. Local resection of the tumor allowed study of the histopathological features of the choroidal melanocytoma and maintained tolerable vision in the current case.<br /><br />Clinical diagnosis of choroidal melanocytoma, especially differentiation from melanoma, is difficult and challenging. Local resection of the tumor allowed study of the histopathological features of the choroidal melanocytoma and maintained tolerable vision in the current case.<br /><br /> To describe a unique case of unilateral serous retinal detachment as the presenting sign of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).<br /><br /> A 74 year old woman presented with right eye blurry vision and was found to have an underlying serous retinal detachment, along with cotton wool spots, inner retinal hemorrhages, and retinal pigment epithelial changes throughout her bilateral fundi. Fluorescein angiography demonstrated bilateral vasculitis and ultrasonography revealed asymmetric thickening and enhancement of the affected eyes' choroid. This prompted a systemic lab workup and results were suspicious for an underlying hematologic malignancy. The patient was admitted to the hospital for bone marrow biopsy confirming B-cell ALL, underwent intensive intravenous and intrathecal chemotherapy, and was discharged one month later. Follow up appointment in the ophthalmology clinic demonstrated functional and anatomic improvement in the serous retinal detachment and choroidal thickening suggestive of infiltration in her right eye.<br /><br /> SRDs are an uncommon ocular manifestation of leukemia, and even less common as a presenting sign of the disease. A comprehensive literature review demonstrated 11 other cases reported worldwide. We present the first such case with additional findings of leukemic retinopathy, optic nerve and choroidal infiltration, and vasculitis, as well as a complete library of ophthalmic imaging from the patient's initial presentation.<br /><br /> A new diagnosis of serous retinal detachment(s) without any obvious cause should raise suspicion for leukemia and prompt further workup. Early recognition of this hematologic malignancy is crucial for prompt initiation of life-saving therapy.<br /><br />A new diagnosis of serous retinal detachment(s) without any obvious cause should raise suspicion for leukemia and prompt further workup. Early recognition of this hematologic malignancy is crucial for prompt initiation of life-saving therapy.<br /><br /> To describe a Case of retinoblastoma that presented subtly as a pseudohypopyon in a child with preserved visual acuity.<br /><br /> A 3-year-old male was referred for concern of hypopyon in the left eye. Initial examination revealed 20/30 vision, a pseudohypopyon, and a large white mass on fundoscopy. Examination under anesthesia revealed extensive retinoblastoma with vitreous seeds and anterior chamber involvement. Enucleation was performed and histology demonstrated retinoblastoma with tumor cells found within the ciliary body, iris, iridocorneal angle, and Schlemm canal. Based on the high-risk histopathology findings, adjuvant chemotherapy was performed.<br /><br /> Retinoblastoma is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in children. Though the classic presentation is leukocoria and/or strabismus, it can present in a variety of ways. Physicians should be aware that retinoblastoma, even severe forms, can present subtly with pseudohypopyon and preserved vision. Adjuvant chemotherapy for anterior segment involvement remains controversial.