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ence in clinically significant prostate cancer detection, although image fusion may be superior in experienced hands.<br /><br />We found no overall difference in clinically significant prostate cancer detection, although image fusion may be superior in experienced hands.<br /><br /> Kidney dysfunction in spina bifida is usually detected by low estimated glomerular filtration rate or ultrasound based hydronephrosis. We assessed the diagnostic test characteristics of hydronephrosis for detecting low estimated glomerular filtration rate, hypothesizing that hydronephrosis has low sensitivity compared to cystatin C based estimated glomerular filtration rate.<br /><br /> We conducted a single center, retrospective cohort study, including patients with spina bifida from 2012-2017 with 2 kidneys and complete data needed to calculate estimated glomerular filtration rate via multiple pediatric (age 1-17.9 years) or adult (age ≥18 years) estimating equations. We evaluated the association of hydronephrosis status (high grade, low grade or none) with estimated glomerular filtration rate, adjusting for small kidney size and scarring, and calculated diagnostic test characteristics of hydronephrosis for low estimated glomerular filtration rate.<br /><br /> We analyzed 247 patients (176 children and 71 adults). Mean±SD agssociated with low estimated glomerular filtration rate but had poor sensitivity for cystatin C based estimated glomerular filtration rate &lt;90 ml/min/1.73 m<br /><br /> , especially among children with spina bifida.<br /><br />Hydronephrosis was associated with low estimated glomerular filtration rate but had poor sensitivity for cystatin C based estimated glomerular filtration rate less then 90 ml/min/1.73 m2, especially among children with spina bifida.<br /><br /> We evaluated reproductive parameters of men with a solitary testis compared to men with bilateral testes.<br /><br /> We conducted a cross-sectional case-control study comparing infertility evaluation parameters in men with a solitary testis to men with 2 testes. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/OSI-906.html Linsitinib concentration] Men presenting for fertility consultation with semen analysis data collected within 90 days of clinical and hormonal assessment were included. Differences in semen and hormonal levels were characterized using descriptive statistics, multivariate analysis on matched semen parameters and evaluation of hypogonadism subtypes.<br /><br /> A total of 837 men were identified. After applying exclusion criteria, we analyzed 29/39 men (74%) with a solitary testis and compared them to 656/798 men (82%) with 2 testes. A 11 match on sperm concentration and motility showed follicle-stimulating hormone was more elevated in men with a solitary testis (median 13.9 mIU/ml, IQR 5.8-24.2) than in men with bilateral testes (5.0, 3.4-9.8, p=0.009). Men with bilateral testes were uniformly icle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone levels for the same testosterone and semen parameters compared to men with bilateral testes. Followup is needed to evaluate any detrimental consequences of this compensated state that may lead to pituitary burnout and decreased testicular function.<br /><br /> Cumulative studies have shown that vitamin D may be associated with lower urinary tract symptoms but the findings have been inconsistent. The aim of this study was to systematically evaluate the relationship between vitamin D and lower urinary tract symptoms.<br /><br /> The PubMed®, Scopus® and Embase™ databases were searched for articles up to June 2020. A meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the effects of vitamin D insufficiency or intake on lower urinary tract symptoms. A qualitative description summarized vitamin D intervention for treating lower urinary tract symptoms. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to examine heterogeneity and the robustness of the results.<br /><br /> A total of 23 studies including 86,332 participants were analyzed in our study. Vitamin D insufficiency was associated with a 1.37 to 2.06-fold increased likelihood of having lower urinary tract symptoms, and patients with lower urinary tract symptoms had significantly lower levels of vitamin D. Furthermore, vitamin D intake was significantly associated with an 11% reduction in the risk of lower urinary tract symptoms. In the subgroup analysis, the effects of vitamin D insufficiency on the risk of lower urinary tract symptoms were notably observed in nonAsians, females and patients with urinary incontinence.<br /><br /> Consistent results indicated that vitamin D insufficiency was a crucial risk factor for lower urinary tract symptoms and that vitamin D supplementation showed promising effects on these symptoms. It would be of great guiding significance to consider vitamin D status when treating lower urinary tract symptoms.<br /><br />Consistent results indicated that vitamin D insufficiency was a crucial risk factor for lower urinary tract symptoms and that vitamin D supplementation showed promising effects on these symptoms. It would be of great guiding significance to consider vitamin D status when treating lower urinary tract symptoms.<br /><br /> We investigated whether T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging findings could improve upon established prognostic indicators of metastatic disease and prostate cancer specific survival.<br /><br /> For a cohort of 3,406 consecutive men who underwent prostate magnetic resonance imaging before prostatectomy (2,160) or radiotherapy (1,246) between 2001 and 2006, T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging exams were retrospectively interpreted and categorized as I) no focal suspicious lesion, II) organ confined focal lesion, III) focal lesion with extraprostatic extension or IV) focal lesion with seminal vesicle invasion. Clinical risk was recorded based on European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines and the Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment (CAPRA) scoring system. Survival probabilities and c-indices were estimated using Cox models and inverse probability censoring weights, respectively.<br /><br /> The median followup was 10.8 years (IQR 8.6-13.0). Higher magnetic resonance imaging categories were associated with a higher resonance imaging findings of localized prostate cancer are associated with clinically relevant long-term oncologic outcomes. Combining magnetic resonance imaging and clinicopathological data results in more accurate prognostication, which could facilitate individualized patient management.