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Whip smut is one of the most serious and widely spread sugarcane diseases. Plant-associated microbes play various roles in conferring advantages to the host plant. Understanding the microbes associated with sugarcane roots will help develop strategies for the biocontrol of smut. Therefore, the present study explored microbe-mediated sugarcane response to smut invasion via 16S rRNA and ITS metabarcoding survey of the rhizosphere soils of resistant and susceptible sugarcane varieties. The bacterial and fungal diversity in the rhizosphere soils differed between the resistant and susceptible varieties. The bacterial genera Sphingomonas, Microcoleus_Es-Yyy1400, Marmoricola, Reyranella, Promicromonospora, Iamia, Phenylobacterium, Aridibacter, Actinophytocola, and Edaphobacter and one fungal genus Cyphellophora were found associated with smut resistance in sugarcane. Detailed analysis revealed that the majority of bacteria were beneficial, including the actinomycete Marmoricola and Iamia and Reyranella with denitrification activity. Analysis of bacterial network interaction showed that three major groups interacted during smut invasion. Meanwhile, seven of these genera appeared to interact and promote each other's growth. Finally, functional annotation based on the Functional Annotation of Prokaryotic Taxa (FAPROTAX) database predicted that the abundant bacteria are dominated by oxygenic photoautotrophy, photoautotrophy, and phototrophy functions, which may be related to smut resistance in sugarcane. The present study thus provides new insights into the dynamics of the sugarcane rhizosphere microbial community during smut invasion.Oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) is the most common opportunistic fungal infection of the oral cavity and is a significant clinical problem, particularly in immunocompromised individuals, such as people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Although Candida albicans is the most frequent pathogen, at least 30 species capable of causing infection have been described. Identifying the infecting organism is necessary because the species respond differently to therapy, and antifungal susceptibility testing is important to determine the appropriate treatment. This study aimed to determine the epidemiological, clinical, and mycological profiles of OPC in hospitalized PLWHA. Clinical samples were collected from 103 PLWHA with suspected candidiasis admitted to the Hospital Estadual of Doenças Tropicais/Hospital Anuar Auad of Goiania, Goias, Brazil, for 14 months. Candida species were identified using phenotypic microbiological techniques and molecular analysis performed by PCR using species-specific primers. The antifungal susceptibility pattern of the isolates against the six antifungal agents was determined using the broth microdilution method. Here, female individuals were the most affected by OPC, presenting a higher risk of oral colonization by Candida spp. The main clinical manifestation was pseudomembranous candidiasis. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/amg510.html AMG510] The number of cases of candidiasis was 87.3% (90/103), with C. albicans being the most common species, followed by C. tropicalis and C. glabrata. In the susceptibility pattern, non-albicans Candida showed higher resistance to than C. albicans. The fast and accurate identification of Candida spp. is very important to identify therapeutic agents for the treatment of oral candidiasis in PLWHA.Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ARTs) have been practiced in Islamic societies within married couples since their introduction. However, there are divergent views over the issue of third-party donation among Sunni and Shia scholars. This paper illustrates the different perspectives of Shia Muslims surrounding, sperm, egg, and embryo donation and ethical aspects thereof. The study reveals that there are different views regarding sperm, egg, and embryo donation among the Shia religious leaders around the world. Many Shia religious scholars, including the Iranian supreme religious leader Ali Hussein Khamenei allow sperm, egg, and embryo donation with certain conditions. However, the conditions stipulated by Shia religious scholars contradict the ethical and legal practices of sperm, egg, and embryo donation. Regarding sperm and egg donation, they declared that the donor child would inherit from a third-party donor and the commissioning parents would be adoptive parents. Thus, according to them, donor anonymity is impossible. Moreover, the Iranian act on embryo donation did not stipulate the right and responsibilities of the donor child and recipient couples and did not clarify the nature and number of embryos that can be donated and implanted. The paper argues that the lack of laws and guidelines on sperm, egg, and embryo donation raises many ethical problems. Based only on religious rulings, third-party donation has been practiced without foreseeing the well-being and safety of donor children, donors, and recipient couples.Social innovation is widely defined as technological and non-technological new products, services or models that simultaneously meet social needs and create new social relationships or collaborations. Despite a significant interest in the concept, the lack of reliable and comprehensive data is a barrier for social science research. We created the European Social Innovation Database (ESID) to address this gap. ESID is based on the idea of large-scale collection of unstructured web site text to classify and characterise social innovation projects from around the world. We use advanced machine learning techniques to extract features such as social innovation dimensions, project locations, summaries, and topics, among others. Our models perform as high as 0.90 F1. ESID currently includes 11,468 projects from 159 countries. ESID data is available freely and also presented in a web-based app. Our future workplan includes expansion (i.e., increasing the number of projects), extension (i.e., adding new variables) and dynamic retrieval (i.e., retrieving and extracting information in regular intervals).<br /><br /> Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) has been used as a temporizing procedure to control intra-abdominal or pelvic bleeding. Theoretically, occlusion of the aorta and the resulting ischemia-reperfusion of the lower extremities may increase the risk of extremity compartment syndrome (CS). To date, no study has addressed systematically the incidence and risk factors of CS following REBOA intervention. The purpose of this study was to address this knowledge gap.<br /><br /> Adult trauma patients from the American College of Surgeons Trauma Quality Improvement Program (ACS-TQIP) database (2016-2019) were included. Patients who received REBOA within 4h of admission were compared to patients without REBOA after propensity score matching for demographics, vital signs on admission, comorbidities, injury severity of different body regions, pelvic and lower extremity fractures, vascular trauma to the lower extremities, fixation for fractures, angioembolization (AE) for pelvis, preperitoneal pelvic ken into account when considering REBOA use, and close observation for this complication should always be part of the routine monitoring.<br /><br />REBOA use is associated with a higher risk of lower extremity CS, fasciotomy and AKI, especially in patients with associated lower extremity vascular injuries. These complications should be taken into account when considering REBOA use, and close observation for this complication should always be part of the routine monitoring.We report a novel hyperspectral sensor employing a Fabry-Pérot interferometer based on micro-electro-mechnical system and a custom mid-infrared supercontinuum laser. The Fabry-Pérot interferometer allows on-axis filtering, of spectral components of supercontinuum light backscattered from a target, with a spectral resolution of about 25 nm. We demonstrated hyperspectral identification of black polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE500) using the 3-3.5 [Formula see text]m region of the supercontinuum spectrum and a corresponding measurement rate of 62.5 spectra / s. The resulted spectra show excellent agreement with the reference based on an FTIR spectrometer. Furthermore, we showed that the coloring of the plastics has no effect on their identification at this wavelength range.Nuclear magnetic resonance has experienced great advances in developing and translating hyperpolarization methods into procedures for fundamental and clinical studies. Here, we propose the use of a wide-bore NMR for large-scale (volume- and concentration-wise) production of hyperpolarized media using parahydrogen-induced polarization. We discuss the benefits of radio frequency-induced parahydrogen spin order transfer, we show that 100% polarization is theoretically expected for homogeneous B0 and B1 magnetic fields for a three-spin system. Moreover, we estimated that the efficiency of spin order transfer is not significantly reduced when the B1 inhomogeneity is below ± 5%; recommendations for the sample size and RF coils are also given. With the latest breakthrough in the high-yield synthesis of 1-13C-vinyl pyruvate and its deuterated isotopologues, the high-field PHIP-SAH will gain increased attention. Some remaining challenges will be addressed shortly.Inhibitory interneurons play central roles in the modulation of spontaneous network activity and in processing of neuronal information. In sensory neocortical areas, parvalbumin-positive (PV+) GABAergic interneurons control the representation and processing of peripheral sensory inputs. We studied the functional role of PV+ interneurons in the barrel cortex of anesthetized adult PVCre mice by combining extracellular multi-electrode recordings with optogenetic silencing of a small fraction of PV+ interneurons. In all cortical layers, optogenetic inhibition caused an increase in spontaneous network activity from theta to gamma frequencies. The spatio-temporal representation of sensory inputs was studied by stimulating one or two whiskers at different intervals and analyzing the resulting local field potential (LFP) and single unit (SU) response. Silencing PV+ interneurons caused an increase in LFP response to sensory stimulation and a decrease in temporal discrimination of consecutive whisker deflections. The combined effect of whisker deflection and optogenetic inhibition was highly similar to the linear sum of the individual effects of these two manipulations. SU recordings revealed that optogenetic silencing reduced stimulus detectability by increasing stimulus-evoked firing rate by a constant offset, suggesting that PV+ interneurons improve signal-to-noise ratio by reducing ongoing spiking activity, thereby sharpening the spatio-temporal representation of sensory stimuli.<br /><br /> Like most hospitals, our hospital experienced COVID-19 pandemic-related supply chain shortages. Our additive manufacturing lab's capacity to offset these shortages was soon overwhelmed, leading to a need to improve the efficiency of our existing workflow. We undertook a work system analysis guided by the Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety (SEIPS) construct which is based on human factors and quality improvement principles. Our objective was to understand the inefficiencies in project submission, review, and acceptance decisions, and make systematic improvements to optimize lab operations.<br /><br /> Contextual inquiry (interviews and workflow analysis) revealed suboptimal characteristics of the system, specifically, reliance on a single person to facilitate work and, at times, fractured communication with project sponsors, with root causes related to the project intake and evaluation process as identified through SEIPS tools. As interventions, the analysis led us to 1) enhance an existing but underused project submission form, 2) design and implement an internal project scorecard to standardize evaluation of requests, and 3) distribute the responsibility of submission evaluation across lab members.