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Furthermore, 0.1875-3.0&nbsp;mg/mL NOR destroyed the multilayer structure of TE-HCEP model due to a dose-dependent cytotoxicity, which validated the above results. Overall, low-dose (0.1875-0.75&nbsp;mg/mL) NOR induced apoptosis through mitochondrion-dependent and death receptor-mediated pathways, and high-dose (1.5-3.0&nbsp;mg/mL) NOR triggered necroptosis via RIPK1-RIPK3-MLKL cascade in HCEP cells. Nowadays, there is a huge interest in natural products obtained from marine organisms that can promote human health.The aim of the present study is to evaluate for the first time, the in vitro effects of marine Aspergillus puulaauensis TM124-S4 extract against oxidative stress in human fibroblasts, and its potential as a cosmetic ingredient. The strain was isolated from the Mediterranean Sea star, Echinaster sepositus, and identified according to ITS molecular sequence homology as a member of Aspergillus section versicolores.To gain insight on the bioactivity underpinning the effects of TM124-S4 extract on oxidative stress, we examined a panel of a hundred genes as well as cell viability. Initially, Aspergillus puulaauensis TM124-S4 promoted cell viability.The change in gene transcripts revealed that Aspergillus puulaauensis TM124-S4 extracts exhibited skin protection properties by mediating cell proliferation (EPS8, GDF15, CASP7, VEGFA), antioxidant response (CAT, SOD1, TXN, GPX1), skin hydration (CD44, CRABP2, SERPINE) and DNA repair (PCNA, P21). The extract also modulated the expression of genes involved in skin pigmentation and aging (TYR, FOXO3).These findings indicate that Aspergillus puulaauensis TM124-S4 extract possesses significant in-vitro skin protection activity against induced oxidative stress.Furthermore, new insights are provided into the beneficial role of fungal bioactive compounds in skin related research. During the past 25 years or so a number of studies have been carried out to address the hypothesis that the ratio of 2-hydroxyestrone (2-hydroxy-E1) to 16α-hydroxyestrone (16α-hydroxy-E1) is associated with breast cancer risk. The rationale for this hypothesis is based on data from studies that suggest a tumorigenic and genotoxic effect of 16α-hydroxy-E1 and a protective effect of 2-hydroxy-E1 regarding breast cancer risk. The adverse effect of 16α-hydroxy-E1 has been attributed to its potential to form covalent adducts with macromolecules. Initial studies used radiometric assays and enzyme immunoassays to test the hypothesis. However, concerns about the accuracy of these assays led to the development of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assay that is capable of measuring 5 unconjugated and 15 conjugated endogenous estrogens, which include 2- and 16-hydroxylated estrogen metabolites, in serum or urine. The conjugated estrogens are quantified following a deconjugation (hydrolysis) stefferent structural forms of sulfated and glucuronidated conjugates. Other deficiencies in the assays include the need for greater sensitivity so that the very low concentrations of unconjugated 2-hydroxy-E1, 2-hydroxy-E2, and 16α-hydroxy-E1 can be measured in serum. There is also a need to develop assays to measure intact forms of conjugated estrogens in both serum and urine, particularly the sulfates and glucuronides of 2-hydroxylated, 2-methoxylated, and 16α-hydroxylated E1 and E2. This will avoid inaccuracies that stem from hydrolysis procedures. Improvements in LC-MS/MS assay methodology to obtain accurate measurements of unconjugated and conjugated 2-hydroxylated, 2-methoxylated, and 16α-hydroxylated estrogen metabolites are needed. This should provide valuable data for testing the 2-/16α-hydroxylated estrogen-breast cancer risk hypothesis. CONTEXT Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is a surgical technique for peritoneal carcinomatosis combining cytoreduction surgery and peritoneal irrigation of cytotoxic agents responsible for haemodynamics and fluid homeostasis alterations. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/importazole.html Importazole] To this day, no guidelines exist concerning intraoperative management. OBJECTIVES To review data on haemodynamic monitoring and management of patients undergoing HIPEC and to help design a standardised anaesthetic protocol. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane library were searched using the following Study selection Original articles and case reports. Letters to editors and reviews were excluded. DATA EXTRACTION Data on haemodynamic management, morbidity and mortality. DATA SYNTHESIS Haemodynamic management during HIPEC is highly variable and depends on local protocols. Only one randomised controlled trial evaluated the benefit of goal-directed fluid administration (GDFA). GDFA guided by advanced haemodynamic monitoring resulted in significantly less complication, shorter length of stay and less mortality compared to standard fluid administration. Renal protection protocol did not decrease the risk of acute kidney injury (AKI). CONCLUSION Our review reveals that fluid administration guided by advanced monitoring seems to be associated with less postoperative morbidity and mortality after HIPEC. Nevertheless, the literature review shows that intraoperative haemodynamic management is highly variable for this surgery. The use of renal protection strategy does not decrease the prevalence of AKI. Further prospective trials comparing different fluid management and haemodynamic monitoring strategies are urgently needed (PROSPERO registration CRD42018115720). Embryos of the salamander Ambystoma maculatum (Shaw) and the uni-cellular green alga Oophila amblystomatis (Lambert ex Wille) have evolved a resource exchange mutualism. Whereas some of the benefits of the symbiosis to embryos are known, the physiological limitations of the relationship to embryos and carry over or latent effects on larvae are not. To determine the impact of the relationship across life history stages, we measured the growth, survival, and metabolic rate in response to hypoxia of salamander embryos reared under 0-h light (algae absent), 14-h light (control - algae present, fluctuating light conditions) and 24-h light (algae present, chronic light conditions) and the resulting larvae two-weeks post hatch. Embryos reared under 0-h light demonstrated decreased growth and survival compared to 14- and 24-h light, with no effect on metabolic rates or the response of metabolic rates to declining oxygen partial pressure (pO2). Conversely, larvae from embryos reared under 0-h light exhibited compensatory growth during the two-week larval rearing period, with body sizes matching those from the 14-h light treatment.