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PEDV infection of neonatal pigs causes fecal virus shedding (alongside frequent detection of PEDV RNA in the nasal cavity), acute viremia, severe atrophic enteritis (mainly jejunum and ileum), and increased pro-inflammatory and innate immune responses. PEDV-specific IgA effector and memory B cells in orally primed sows play a critical role in sow lactogenic immunity and passive protection of piglets. This review focuses on the etiology, transmission, pathogenesis, and prevention and control of PEDV infection.An epidemic caused by SARS-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has appeared in Wuhan City in December 2019. The disease has shown a "clustering epidemic" pattern, and family-clustered onset has been the main characteristic. We collected data about 130 cases from 35 cluster-onset families (COFs) and 41 cases from 16 solitary-onset families (SOFs). The incidence of 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in COFs was significantly higher than that of SOFs. Our study also showed that patients with exposure to high-risk factors (respiratory droplets and close contact), advanced age, and comorbidities were more likely to develop COVID-19 in the COFs. In addition, advanced age and elevated neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were risk factors for death in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection in the COFs.Background and aims Linked-color imaging (LCI), a new image-enhancing technology emphasizing contrast in mucosal color, has been demonstrated to substantially reduce polyp miss-rate as compared with standard White-Light (WL) in tandem colonoscopy studies. Whether LCI increases adenoma detection rate (ADR) remains unclear. Methods Consecutive subjects undergoing screening colonoscopy after fecal immunochemical test (FIT) positivity were 11 randomized to undergo colonoscopy with LCI or WL, both in high-definition systems. Insertion and withdrawal phases of each colonoscopy were carried out using the same assigned light. Experienced endoscopists from 7 Italian centers participated in the study. Randomization was stratified by gender, age, and screening round. The primary outcome measure was represented by ADR. Results Of 704 eligible subjects, 649 (48.9% males, mean age +SD 60.8+7.3 years) were included and randomized to LCI (n=326) or WL (n=323) colonoscopy. The ADR was higher in the LCI (51.8%) than in the WL group (43.7%) (RR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.01-1.40). The proportions of patients with advanced adenomas and sessile serrated lesions (SSL) were 21.2% and 8.6% in LCI and 18.9% and 5.9% in WL arm, respectively (p=NS for both comparisons). At multivariate analysis, LCI was independently associated with ADR, along with male gender, increasing age and adequate (Boston Bowel Preparation Scale &gt;6) bowel preparation. At per-polyp analysis, the mean+SD number of adenomas per colonoscopy was comparable in the LCI and WL arm, whereas the corresponding figures for proximal adenomas was significantly higher in the LCI group (0.72+1.2 vs 0.55+1.07, p=0.05) CONCLUSION In FIT positive patients undergoing screening colonoscopy, the routine use of LCI significantly increases ADR. [Clinicaltrials.gov noNCT03690297].Background and aims Contaminated duodenoscopes and linear echoendoscopes (DLEs) pose a risk for infectious outbreaks. To identify DLE and reprocessing risk factors, we combined the data of the previously published nationwide cross-sectional PROCESS 1 study (Prevalence of contamination of complex endoscopes in the Netherlands) with the follow-up PROCESS 2 study. Methods We invited all 74 Dutch DLE centers to sample ≥2 duodenoscopes during PROCESS 1, and all duodenoscopes as well as linear echoendoscopes during PROCESS 2. The studies took place one year after another. Local staff sampled of each DLE ≤6 sites according to uniform methods explained by online videos. We used 2 contamination definitions (1) any microorganism with ≥20 colony-forming units (CFU)/20 mL (AM20) and (2) presence of microorganisms with gastrointestinal or oral origin, independent of CFU count (MGO). We assessed the factors age and usage by performing an analysis of pooled data of both PROCESS studies; additional factors including reprocestrasound at risk for transmission of microorganisms.Background The effectiveness of home visits is well discussed for children with asthma, but limited in adults. Objective The present systematic review aims to investigate the potential role of home visits in improving outcomes among adult patients with asthma. Methods The systematic review was performed in line with the PRISMA statement. An extensive literature search was conducted using databases such as PubMed, ProQuest, CINAHL, The Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar from inception to June 2019. The studies included were randomized controlled trials (RCTs), which reported asthma outcomes in adult patients. Results The literature search yielded 8331 publications, of which 63 studies were selected for full-text review, and of these studies, 9 studies with a total of 2011 patients were included in the final analysis. The included RCTs reported quality of life (QoL), asthma symptoms, exacerbations, healthcare utilization, and pulmonary function. Improvements in asthma outcomes were observed predominantly in QoL. The effects on asthma symptom control were inconsistent. The evidence on the impact of home visits in asthma exacerbations and healthcare utilization was rather limited. There were no significant differences observed between intervention versus control arms in terms of pulmonary function; however, one study reported significant improvements in PEFR. Conclusion Home visits may serve as an adjuvant activity that complements existing healthcare system based initiatives. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/forskolin.html find more] It may be concluded that home visits have the potential to improve outcomes in adult patients with asthma; however, the RCTs reviewed in the present systematic review reported several limitations that warrant further investigation.Aims Endothelial barrier dysfunction is associated with multiple diseases, and barrier repair may be a possible therapeutic target. Yes-associated protein and its pathway have been implicated in organ repair after injury. However, the mechanisms underlying barrier repair and any role YAP plays in the process are unclear. This study aimed to explore the role and mechanism of YAP in the repair of endothelial cell permeability after TNF-α-induced injury. Main methods A trans-endothelial electrical resistance assay was performed to investigate changes in endothelial cell permeability. Lentivirus packaging by calcium phosphate transfection was used to construct endothelial cell lines with knocked down or overexpressed YAP. Western blotting, immunofluorescence, CO-IP, and real-time PCR were used to detect related protein and gene expression. Key findings YAP is involved in the repair process of TNF-α-induced endothelial cell permeability injury; its overexpression promotes repair of endothelial cell permeability, and knockdown weakens repair ability.