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Population studies on the prevalence of thyroid dysfunctions are costly. The pharmacy dispensing (PDR) and diagnosis (DR) registers allow us to study the epidemiology of these pathologies in a simpler way. Our aims 1/Estimate the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in Catalonia based on data from the PDR and the DR, 2/to evaluate the concordance of the results obtained by both strategies.<br /><br /> The population studied was the one registered with the public health system in Catalonia(Catsalut). In the PDR analysis, the information obtained through the Pharmaceutical Provision file (during 2012, 2013, 2014) was used regarding the number of patients under treatment (NPT) (levothyroxine and antithyroid medication). The DR analysis (2014) was performed by ICD-9 codes (hyperthyroidism 242 and hypothyroidism 243, 244).<br /><br /> According to the NPT in the PDR analysis, the prevalence of treated hypothyroidism increased over 3years 2.81%(2012), 2.92%(2013) and 3.07%(2014) (<br /><br /> &lt;.00001). The prevalence of hyperthyroidism in treatment was 0.14%(2012), 0.13%(2013) and 0.14%(2014). According to the DR analysis in 2014, the prevalence of hypothyroidism was 2.54% and 0.35% for hyperthyroidism. The PDR analysis estimated a higher hypothyroidism prevalence compared to that estimated by the DR (<br /><br /> &lt;.0001) and vice versa in the case of hyperthyroidism.<br /><br /> Both PDR and DR prevalence estimations of thyroid dysfunction show some degree of discordance probably due to undercoding bias in the case of DR and the absence of subclinical pathology in the case of PDR. However, both approaches are valid and complementary for estimating the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction.<br /><br />Both PDR and DR prevalence estimations of thyroid dysfunction show some degree of discordance probably due to undercoding bias in the case of DR and the absence of subclinical pathology in the case of PDR. However, both approaches are valid and complementary for estimating the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction.<br /><br /> This pilot study aimed to investigate whether a 4-week programme of intermittent high-intensity training (HIT) will improve counterregulatory responses and improve hypoglycaemia awareness in adults with type 1 diabetes who have been exposed to recurrent hypoglycaemia.<br /><br /> Adults with type 1 diabetes who have been exposed to recurrent hypoglycaemia will be recruited from NHS Tayside, Scotland. All participants have a 4-week run-in period to optimize glycaemic control and to receive instruction in hypoglycaemia avoidance using insulin dose adjustment and real-time continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). Following this, they will undergo a baseline 90-minute hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemic clamp to assess symptomatic, cognitive and hormonal counterregulatory responses. Subsequently, participants will be randomized in a parallel-group design to either undergo a 4-week intervention with HIT or to no exercise with both groups using CGM throughout and receiving additional advice on hypoglycaemia avoidance. Participants in the HIT arm of the trial will be instructed to exercise 3 times a week on a cycle ergometer and asked to achieve≥90% max heart rate during each period of exercise. On completion of the intervention period, all subjects then undergo a second matched hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemic clamp study.<br /><br /> This pilot study will determine whether high-intensity exercise may offer a novel approach to restore hypoglycaemic awareness in type 1 diabetes (International Standard Randomised Controlled Trials No ISRCTN15373978).<br /><br />This pilot study will determine whether high-intensity exercise may offer a novel approach to restore hypoglycaemic awareness in type 1 diabetes (International Standard Randomised Controlled Trials No ISRCTN15373978).<br /><br /> Treatment of pituitary pathology mostly does not result in complete recovery of impairment in cognitive functioning. The primary aim of the current study was to assess cognitive impairment in patients with stable replacement therapy for hypopituitarism during the last 6months prior to inclusion. It was expected that patients showed subjective and objective subnormal scores on neuropsychological functioning.<br /><br /> Forty-two patients (40% men, 49±15years) treated for hypopituitarism conducted a neuropsychological test battery, including the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ), 15-Word test (15-WT), Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) Motor Screening Task (MOT), Spatial Working Memory (SWM) and Affective Go/No-go (AGN). Results were compared to reference values of healthy norm groups.<br /><br /> Male and female participants scored significantly worse on the CFQ (<br /><br /> &lt;.01, <br /><br /> =0.91-4.09) and AGN mean correct latency (<br /><br /> &lt;.01, <br /><br /> =1.66 and 1.29, respectively). [https://www.selleckchem.com/JAK.html JAK pathway] Female participants scored significatuitarism score worse on objective aspects of memory and executive functioning compared to reference data. Besides worse focus attention, this objective cognitive impairment was not found in male participants. It is recommended to conduct additional research, which focuses on the design and evaluation of a cognitive remediation therapy, aimed at compensation of impairments in different aspects of memory and executive functioning.<br /><br /> To describe in a real-world setting, the proportion of patients with a symptomatic hypoglycaemic event and the proportion of individuals with type 2 diabetes, who newly or recently initiated with basal insulin, achieving individual or general HbA1c target.<br /><br /> DINAS-AR was a national prospective observational study to assess the unmet needs in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with basal insulin with or without oral antihyperglycaemic drugs and/or GLP-1 receptor agonist. The study was conducted at 19 hospitals.<br /><br /> A total of 385 uncontrolled patients (≥18years) who recently initiated basal insulin or who initiated treatment within a year prior to study enrolment entered the study. Outcomes were follow-up incidence of hypoglycaemic events, change of HbA1C and achievement of HBA1c &lt;7% or individual target. A total of 44 patients (11.9%) reported the occurrence of ≥1 symptomatic hypoglycaemia event(s). HbA1c reductions were greater in patients who had recently initiated treatment with basal insulin (between 15 and 90days prior to study entry) vs patients who initiated treatment within 1year.