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02), insulin (p = .02), NEFA concentrations (p = .001) and HOMA-IR (p less then .01) despite reduced steps (p less then .01) and increased sedentary time (p less then .01). Abdominal adipose tissue (AT) samples, obtained after baseline, SR and exercise, did not differ in lipolytic capacity following SR. Fatty acid synthase protein content tended to increase following SR (p = .07), but not following exercise. In a free-living setting, SR adversely affected circulating NEFAs, fuel oxidation and peak glucose response but did not directly affect glucose tolerance or AT lipolysis. SR-associated metabolic impairments were not mitigated by exercise, yet recovery sleep completely rescued its adverse effects on glucose metabolism.Zoos and aquaria, often regarded as preservation-cum-entertainment enterprises, are also actors in the effort to curb the biodiversity crisis raising awareness, supporting conservation, and conducting research. We assessed trends in zoo and aquaria research topics and study organisms over time worldwide. For the zoos and aquaria registered in the Species360's Zoological Information Management System and the World Association of Zoos and Aquariums, we compiled metadata on their research published in the peer-reviewed literature indexed in Scopus and carried out a keyword frequency analysis. The production of scientific papers by zoos increased at a much faster rate than the average accrual of scientific papers in the literature. Evolution of research themes ran parallel to that of biological sciences (e.g., development of molecular genetics or increased awareness about conservation). The focus of 48.5% of zoo-led research was on vertebrates, of which mammal research was 33.7%. Whether zoos are effectively contributing to conservation may still be debatable, but our results highlight their institutional efforts to increase knowledge about the species in their care.<br /><br /> Differentiating chondrosarcoma from enchondroma using conventional MRI remains challenging. An effective method for accurate preoperative diagnosis could affect the management and prognosis of patients.<br /><br /> To validate and evaluate radiomics nomograms based on non-enhanced MRI and clinical risk factors for the differentiation of chondrosarcoma from enchondroma.<br /><br /> Retrospective.<br /><br /> A total of 103 patients with pathologically confirmed chondrosarcoma (n= 53) and enchondroma (n= 50) were randomly divided into training (n= 68) and validation (n= 35) groups.<br /><br /> Axial non-contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images (T1WI) and fat-suppressed T2-weighted images (T2WI-FS) were acquired at 3.0 T.<br /><br /> Clinical risk factors (sex, age, and tumor location) and diagnosis assessment based on morphologic MRI by three radiologists were recorded. Three radiomics signatures were established based on the T1WI, T2WI-FS, and T1WI + T2WI-FS sequences. Three clinical radiomics nomograms were developed based on the clinical risk factors and three radiomics signatures.<br /><br /> The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the performance of radiomics signatures and clinical radiomics nomograms.<br /><br /> Tumor location was an important clinical risk factor (P&lt; 0.05). The radiomics signature based on T1WI and T1WI + T2WI-FS features performed better than that based on T2WI-FS in the validation group (AUC in the validation group 0.961, 0.938, and 0.833, respectively; P&lt; 0.05). In the validation group, the three clinical radiomics nomograms (T1WI, T2WI-FS, and T1WI + T2WI-FS) achieved AUCs of 0.938, 0.935, and 0.954, respectively. In all patients, the clinical radiomics nomogram based on T2WI-FS (AUC=0.967) performed better than that based on T2WI-FS (AUC=0.901, P&lt; 0.05).<br /><br /> The proposed clinical radiomics nomogram showed promising performance in differentiating chondrosarcoma from enchondroma.<br /><br /> 4 TECHNICAL EFFICACY Stage 2.<br /><br />4 TECHNICAL EFFICACY Stage 2.<br /><br /> AVATAR therapy is a novel relational approach to working with distressing voices by engaging individuals in direct dialogue with a digital representation of their persecutory voice (the avatar). Critical to this approach is the avatar transition from abusive to conciliatory during the course of therapy. To date, no observational study has examined the moment-to-moment dialogical exchanges of this innovative therapy. We aim to (1) map relating behaviours between participants and their created avatars and (2) examine therapeutic actions delivered within AVATAR dialogue.<br /><br /> Twenty-five of the fifty-three AVATAR therapy completers were randomly selected from a randomized controlled trial (Craig et al. The Lancet Psychiatry, 5, 2018 and 31). Seventy-five audio recordings of active dialogue from sessions 1 and 4 and the last session were transcribed and analysed using a newly developed coding frame. Inter-rater reliability was good to excellent.<br /><br /> Fine-grained analysis of 4,642 observations revealed nuanced communialogue. Carefully characterized avatars and direct therapist input help voice-hearers become more assertive over the avatar, enhance positive sense of self, and support individuals to make sense of their experiences.<br /><br />AVATAR therapy enables voice-hearers to engage in face-to-face dialogue with a digital representation ('avatar') of their persecutory voice. Fine-grained analyses showed how relating behaviours and therapeutic actions evolve during active AVATAR therapy dialogue. Carefully characterized avatars and direct therapist input help voice-hearers become more assertive over the avatar, enhance positive sense of self, and support individuals to make sense of their experiences.<br /><br /> Super-resolution is a promising technique to create isotropic image volumes from stacks of two-dimensional (2D) motion-corrupted images in fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).<br /><br /> To determine an acquisition quality metric and correlate that metric with radiologist perception of three-dimensional (3D) image quality.<br /><br /> Retrospective.<br /><br /> Eighty-seven patients, mean gestational age 29 ± 6 weeks.<br /><br /> 1.5 T/2D fast spin-echo.<br /><br /> Four radiologists (L.G., D.M.E.B., P.C., and J.V.; 31, 21, 7, and 7 years' experience, respectively) graded reconstructions on a 0 to 4 scale for overall appearance and visibility of specific anatomy. During reconstruction, slices were labeled as inliers based on correlation between a simulated vs. actual acquisition. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/PD-173074.html PD173074] The fraction of brain voxels in inlier slicers vs. total brain voxels was measured for each acquisition.<br /><br /> Paired sample t test, Pearson's correlation, intra-class correlation.<br /><br /> The average brain mask inlier fraction for all acquisitions was 0.8. There was a statistically significant correlation (0.