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The herbicidal performance of PAs was tested using Brassica rapa as the test species, and the fungicidal performance was proven using Fusarium culmorum. The pesticidal activities were compared to those of the PAs of debarked wood and of commercial pesticides. According to the results, extractives can be separated from the bark without overtly diminishing the weed and fungal growth inhibitor performance of the produced PAs. The HWE of the bark before its conversion into PAs appeared to have an enhancing effect on the herbicidal activity. In contrast, HWE+AAE lowered the growth inhibition performance of PAs against both the weeds and fungi. This study shows that hybrid aspen is a viable feedstock for the production of herbicidal and fungicidal active chemicals, and it is possible to utilize biomass according to the cascading use principle.In this study, a purified diatomite (PD) with a concentration of diatom frustules more than 92% SiO2 was utilized to synthesize a composite of MCM-41 silica under hydrothermal conditions. The as-synthesized PD/MCM-41 composite was characterized and tested as an adsorbent for the removal of Cr(VI) and Mn(VII) ions from aqueous solution. Results of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed that the diatom frustules of the PD were coated with MCM-41 mesoporous silica. Experimental isotherms of Cr(VI) and Mn(VII) adsorption were fitted to classical and advanced statistical physics models at 25°C-55°C and pH 3. The Langmuir model estimated monolayer adsorption capacities ranging from 144.1 to 162.2 mg/g for Cr(VI) and 166.2 to 177.0 mg/g for Mn(VII), which improved with increasing the solution temperature. Steric and energetic parameters obtained from a monolayer adsorption model with one adsorptiesses.Finding novel anti-diabetic compounds with effective suppression activities against hepatic glucagon response is urgently required for the development of new drugs against diabetes. Fungi are well known for their ability to produce new bioactive secondary metabolites. As part of our ongoing research, five new indole-terpenoids (1-5), named encindolenes D-H, were isolated from the fungus Penicillium sp. HFF16 from the rhizosphere soil of Cynanchum bungei Decne. The structures of the compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic data and ECD analysis. In the anti-diabetic activity assay, compounds 1-5 could inhibit the hepatic glucose production with EC50 values of 17.6, 30.1, 21.3, 9.6, and 9.9 μM, respectively, and decrease the cAMP contents in glucagon-induced HepG2 cells.Tailoring the structure and properties of lignin is an important step toward electrochemical applications. In this study, lignin/polypyrrole (PPy) composite electrode films with microporous and mesoporous structures were designed effectively by electrostatic spinning, carbonization, and in situ polymerization methods. The lignin can not only reduce the cost of carbon fiber but also increase the specific surface area of composite films due to the removal of carbonyl and phenolic functional groups of lignin during carbonization. Besides, the compact three-dimensional (3D) conductive network structures were constructed with PPy particles densely coated on the lignin nanofibers, which was helpful to improve the conductivity and fast electron transfer during the charging and discharging processes. The synthesized lignin carbon fibers/PPy anode materials had good electrochemical performance in 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte. The results showed that, at a current density of 1 A g-1, the lignin carbon nanofibers/PPy (LCNFs/PPy) had a larger specific capacitance of 213.7 F g-1 than carbon nanofibers (CNFs), lignin carbon nanofibers (LCNFs), and lignin/PPy fiber (LPAN/PPy). In addition, the specific surface area of LCNFs/PPy reached 872.60 m2 g-1 and the average pore size decreased to 2.50 nm after being coated by PPy. Therefore, the independent non-binder and self-supporting conductive film is expected to be a promising electrode material for supercapacitors with high performance.Protein dimerization plays a key role in many biological processes. Most cellular events such as enzyme activation, transcriptional cofactor recruitment, signal transduction, and even pathogenic pathways are significantly regulated via protein-protein interactions. Understanding and controlling the molecular mechanisms that regulate protein dimerization is crucial for biomedical applications. The limitations of engineered protein dimerization provide an opportunity for molecular chemistry to induce dimerization of protein in biological events. In this review, molecular control over dimerization of protein and activation in this respect are discussed. The well known molecule glue-based approaches to induced protein dimerization provide powerful tools to modulate the functionality of dimerized proteins and are shortly highlighted. Subsequently metal ion, nucleic acid and host-guest chemistry are brought forward as novel approaches for orthogonal control over dimerization of protein. The specific focus of the review will be on host-guest systems as novel, robust and versatile supramolecular approaches to modulate the dimerization of proteins, using functional proteins as model systems.Bacteria have developed increasing resistance to currently used antimicrobial agents. New classes of antimicrobial drugs are urgently required to fight drug-resistant pathogens. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/bay-876.html BAY-876 ic50] Here, we designed and synthesized a series of calix[4]arene derivatives as antibacterial agents by biomimicking the structural properties and biological functions of antibacterial peptides. After introducing cationic hydrophilic moieties and preliminary structural optimization, we obtained a lead compound (16) that exhibited excellent antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, low toxicity toward mammalian cells and poor hemolytic activity. The antibacterial mechanism studies showed that compound 16 can destroy bacterial cell membrane directly, leading to bacterial death and a low tendency to develop bacterial resistance.<br /><br /> Hepatic alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a zoonotic parasitic disease. There are more than 16,000 new cases each year, approximately 60 million people are threatened, and the annual direct economic loss is RMB 3 billion. The prevalence of AE in some areas of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is as high as 6.0%. Radical resection, including anatomic and non-anatomic hepatectomy, for advanced AE can significantly prolong the survival time of patients. However, there is no literature compared the efficacy of anatomic and non-anatomic hepatectomy. Therefore, by comparing various clinical evaluation indices between anatomic and non-anatomic hepatectomy, this study explored the short-term and long-term efficacy of these two surgical methods for AE.<br /><br /> The clinical data of patients with AE who underwent radical hepatectomy at Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital from January 2015 to January 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups by surgical method, that were, non-anatomic hepatectomy g<br /><br /> &lt; 0.001; alanine aminotransferase <br /><br /> &lt; 0.001), surgical complications (<br /><br /> &lt; 0.001), and AE recurrence rate (<br /><br /> = 0.003). The median survival of patients in the anatomic hepatectomy group was 66 months, compared to 65 months in the non-anatomic hepatectomy group (χ<br /><br /> = 4.662, <br /><br /> = 0.031).<br /><br /> Anatomic hepatectomy was not only safe for AE but also showed better short-term and long-term superiority than non-anatomic hepatectomy.<br /><br />Anatomic hepatectomy was not only safe for AE but also showed better short-term and long-term superiority than non-anatomic hepatectomy.<br /><br /> Even though several effective vaccines are available to combat the COVID-19 pandemic, wide disparities in vaccine distribution, and vaccine acceptance rates between high- and low-income countries appear to be major threats toward achieving population immunity. Our global descriptive study aims to inform policymakers on factors affecting COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among healthcare workers (HCWs) in 12 countries, based on income index. We also looked for possible predictors of vaccine acceptance among the study sample.<br /><br /> A structured questionnaire prepared after consultation with experts in the field and guided by the "Report of the SAGE working group on vaccine hesitancy" was administered among 2,953 HCWs. Upon obtaining informed consent, apart from demographic information, we collected information on trust in vaccines and health authorities, and agreement to accept a COVID-19 vaccine.<br /><br /> Although 69% of the participants agreed to accept a vaccine, there was high heterogeneity in agreement between HCWs in lo vaccine promotion strategies, with special focus on increasing vaccine supply in L-LMICs.The Coronavirus Disease (COVID) pandemic has aroused challenges to emotional well-being of the individuals. With 1,582 respondents from the Health and Retirement Survey (HRS), this study investigates the heterogeneity in older adults' vulnerability and examines the relationship between vulnerability types, aging attitudes, and emotional responses. International Positive and Negative Affect Schedule Short-form (I-PANAS-SF) and Attitudes toward own aging (ATOT) were used to assess the emotional experiences and aging attitudes, and 14 kinds of pandemic-related deprivations evaluated vulnerability of individuals. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to explore the vulnerability types, and weighted linear regressions examined the relationship between vulnerability, aging attitudes, and emotional responses. The results showed that the proportion for individuals with mild vulnerability (MV), healthcare use vulnerability (HV), and dual vulnerability in healthcare use and financial sustainment (DVs) was 67, 22, and 11%, respectively. Older adults aged below 65, Hispanics and non-Hispanic Blacks, and those not eligible for Medicaid were more likely to have HV or DVs. The relationship between vulnerability and positive emotions (PAs) was non-significant, yet individuals with HV (beta = 0.10, standard error [SE] = 0.16) or DVs (beta = 0.09, SE = 0.28) were likely to have more negative emotions (NAs) than their mildly vulnerable counterparts. Furthermore, aging attitudes moderated the relationship between vulnerability and emotions. The salutary effect of positive aging attitudes on emotional well-being was more significant among people with DVs than those with MV (beta = 0.20, SE = 0.04 for positive responses; beta = -0.15, SE = 0.04 for negative responses). Thus, we urge more attention for vulnerable older adults in a pandemic context. Meanwhile, encouraging positive aging attitudes might be helpful for older adults to have better emotional well-being, especially for those with DVs.<br /><br /> Milk is a common infant food in peri-urban Kenya that can transmit diarrhea-causing enteric pathogens. Little is known about how contamination of milk at point of purchase and household handling of milk-based infant foods contribute to infant exposure to enteric pathogens.<br /><br /> To compare the prevalence and concentrations of bacterial indicator organisms and enteric pathogens in unpackaged, fresh pasteurized, and ultra-high temperature (UHT) treated milk at purchase and assess the influence of the type of milk used to prepare infant food on contamination of this food.<br /><br /> Paired samples of purchased milk and infant food prepared with this milk were obtained from 188 households in low-income neighborhoods in Kisumu, Kenya. Samples were cultured on selective media to isolate S<br /><br /> spp., <br /><br /> spp., and <br /><br /> , with pathogens validated by PCR. Probability of detection of these bacteria was compared by milk product treatment and packaging method, and between milk at point of purchase vs. food at point of infant consumption.<br /><br /> Unpackaged milk was most contaminated at point of purchase, but bacterial contamination was also present in pasteurized and UHT milk at purchase.