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All the results indicated that the linoleate isomerase complex plays a key role in CLA production and metabolism as well as the health-associated benefits of L. plantarum ZS2058. These results are conducive to promote clinical trials and product development of probiotics for colitis.Lattice engineering on specific facets of metal catalysts is critically important not only for the enhancement of their catalytic performance but also for deeply understanding the effect of facet-based lattice engineering on catalytic reactions. Here, we develop a facile two-step method for the lattice expansion on specific facets, i.e., Pt(100) and Pt(111), of Pt catalysts. We first prepare the Pd@Pt core-shell nanoparticles exposed with the Pt(100) and Pt(111) facets, respectively, via the Pd-seeded epitaxial growth, and then convert the Pd core to PdH0.43 by hydrogen intercalation. The lattice expansion of the Pd core induces the lattice enlargement of the Pt shell, which can significantly promote the alcohol oxidation reaction (AOR) on both Pt(100) and Pt(111) facets. Impressively, Pt mass specific activities of 32.51 A mgPt-1 for methanol oxidation and 14.86 A mgPt-1 for ethanol oxidation, which are 41.15 and 25.19 times those of the commercial Pt/C catalyst, respectively, have been achieved on the Pt(111) facet. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that the remarkably improved catalytic performance on both the Pt(100) and the Pt(111) facets through lattice expansion arises from the enhanced OH adsorption. This work not only paves the way for lattice engineering on specific facets of nanomaterials to enhance their electrocatalytic activity but also offers a promising strategy toward the rational design and preparation of highly efficient catalysts.Excessive fat deposition is the main character in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), while γ-linolenic acid (GLA) is a polyunsaturated fatty acid that can reduce lipid deposition. This study investigated the effect and regulatory mechanism of GLA (100 μM) on lipid metabolism in alpha mouse liver 12 (AML-12) cells treated by 400 μM palmitic acid (PA). GLA reduced lipid content and increased fatty acid β oxidation, as indicated by decreasing triglyceride and cholesterol contents and increasing mRNA and protein expressions of CPT1α and PPARα. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/hrs-4642.html HRS-4642 ic50] GLA relieved oxidative stress caused by PA, upregulated mRNA levels of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, and decreased reactive oxygen species content. GLA reduced apoptosis, as indicated by decreases in the BAX/BCL2 expression level and apoptosis percentage. GLA activated autophagy, autophagosome-lysosome fusion, and LKB1-AMPK-mTOR signaling and upregulated mRNA and protein expressions of Beclin-1, autophagy-related 5, and liver kinase B1 (LKB1). These effects of GLA on lipid metabolism disorders of PA-treated hepatocytes were reversed by autophagy inhibitor 3MA and AMPK inhibitor compound C, confirming our conclusions. Overall, GLA can protect AML-12 cells from lipid metabolism disorder caused by PA via balancing autophagy and apoptosis mediated by the LKB1-AMPK-mTOR pathway. Consequently, GLA, as a dietary supplement, can help to prevent and treat NAFLD by regulating lipid metabolism and autophagy.Treatments with removable appliances are widely used in Europe to correct dento-skeletal dysgnatia in the growth phase that is a period of poor cooperation of the patients. Adherence to the wear-time prescription is often not achieved and it represent the main argument against the use of removable devices. Suspected non-compliant behavior with the wear time prescription is often the subject of medico-legal disputes, which can deteriorate doctor-patient relationship. The use of microchips allows to document objectively and clarify the patient's behavior. To conduct a systematic review of the orthodontic literature to identify the factors associated with compliance in orthodontic treatment. We conduct a systematic review that aimed to identity the factors associate with compliance in orthodontic treatment. The main purpose was to assess the objective levels of time of use of the removable appliances and the self-reported levels. A literature search was conducted by the electronic databases PubMed and Cochrane Library. The following search terms were used compliance functional removable orthodontic appliance. Randomized and nonrandomized controlled trials, prospective cohort studies, case series, qualitative and mixed-methods studies objectively assessing compliance levels were included in the study. A total of 94 articles were identified by PubMed and 14 articles by Cochrane. The papers selected were included for the qualitative analysis and categorized according to the subjects age, the clinical appliance, compliance factors, wear time and monitoring. Removable appliances are an important part of orthodontic treatment, used in growth phase of the patient. Collaboration with removable functional devices determines success / failure in treatment.Surgical techniques of soft and hard oral tissues highly benefited from new technologies such as the Quantic Molecular Resonance (QMR) lancet, the Neodymium-doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (NdYAG) laser and the Erbium-doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (ErYAG) laser. Increasingly, these technologies replace scalpel, conventional electrosurgery and traditional rotary surgery instruments due to their proven advantages. Features such as reduction of the surgical time, more efficient bleeding control resulting in higher intra-operative visibility and improvement of postoperative course with better Quality of Life score (QoL) are highlighted in numerous studies published in the literature. The thermal rise of tissues during surgical incision, performed with other instruments rather than traditional cold blade scalpels, is not to be ignored by the operator and it must take into consideration first when choosing the surgical instrument and then throughout all the surgical act. Auto-fluorescence (AF) is a property possessed by every cell that exposed to a specific wavelength can absorbance or reflect with peculiar characteristics and its direct examination has been proposed as a non-invasive visual tool for investigation of suspicious changes in oral mucosa. At the limit of our knowledge, few studies have been published in the literature regarding tissue's temperature variations and the interest in Infra-Red temperature detection has been shown in various medicine fields and none of published studies investigated the possible correlation between temperature raise and AF variations. This ex vivo study aims to analyse and compare through the use of a thermal imaging camera and simultaneous detection of AF, the possible correlation between temperature increase and auto-fluorescence.