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A new medical fiber-guided diode laser system (FDLS) is expected to offer high-precision cutting with simultaneous hemostasis. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of using the 1,940-nm FDLS to perform endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) in the gastrointestinal tract of an animal model.<br /><br /> In this prospective animal pilot study, gastric and colorectal ESD using the FDLS was performed in ex vivo and in vivo porcine models. The completeness of en bloc resection, the procedure time, intraprocedural bleeding, histological injuries to the muscularis propria (MP) layer, and perforation were assessed.<br /><br /> The en bloc resection and perforation rates in the ex vivo study were 100% (10/10) and 10% (1/10), respectively; those in the in vivo study were 100% (4/4) and 0% for gastric ESD and 100% (4/4) and 25% (1/4) for rectal ESD, respectively. Deep MP layer injuries tended to occur more frequently in the rectal than in the gastric ESD cases, and no intraprocedural bleeding occurred in either group.<br /><br /> The 1,940-nm FDLS was capable of yielding high en bloc resection rates without intraprocedural bleeding during gastric and colorectal ESD in animal models.<br /><br />The 1,940-nm FDLS was capable of yielding high en bloc resection rates without intraprocedural bleeding during gastric and colorectal ESD in animal models.A 72-year-old man underwent a bilateral nerve-sparing radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) with pelvic lymph node dissection 11 years earlier. His prostate specific antigen (PSA) value at diagnosis was 61.024 ng/ml. Bone scans and computed tomographic (CT) scans showed no metastasis. Pathological findings and stage were adenocarcinoma, Gleason score 4+3, positive surgical margin, pT3b, and no lymph node metastasis. The postoperative PSA nadir was 0.218 ng/ml, and salvage radiotherapy (SRT, total 66 Gy) was performed six months after RRP. However, the PSA value continued to rise after SRT. Therefore, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) was started 11 months after SRT. Nine years postoperatively, the PSA value showed a continuous rise despite ADT, and prostate cancer was considered to be castration-resistant. Although he was taking enzalutamide, his PSA value rose to 18. 271 ng/ml. Repeated bone scans and CT scans were negative. Eleven years after RRP, the fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucosepositronemissiontomography (FDG-PET) revealed a nodule lesiondorsal to the left pubic bone. The patient underwent a resection of the lesion. Three months after the resection, his PSA level declined to 0.038 ng/ml, thus ADT was discontinued. Thirteen months after the resection, PSA re-elevation was absent, and follow-up without ADT is ongoing.A 21-year-old man with chief complaints of left hypochondriac and chest pain was shown to have multiple masses in the lung, a pleural effusion in the right cavum thoracis, a mediastinal mass, and lymphadenopathy detected by computed tomographic scan. He was diagnosed with an extragonadal germ cell tumor based on pathologic findings from lung biopsies and elevation of the serum total human chorionic gonadotropin. He underwent a reduced chemotherapy regimen consisting of bleomycin, cisplatin, and etoposide (reduced BEP) to lower the risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a manifestation of choriocarcinoma syndrome, which occurs at induction chemotherapy with the full-dose BEP regimen. Choriocarcinoma syndrome did not develop during chemotherapy, and he has been disease-free since salvage chemotherapy and subsequent retroperitoneal lymph node dissection.A 47-year-old man was referred to our hospital for epigastric pain and cough, and was given a diagnosis of left clear cell renal carcnoma with multiple pulmonary metastases based on the results of renal tumor biopsy (cT3aN0M1). He received nivolumab/ipilimumab combination therapy, but developed diarrhea (grade 3) on day71, and treatment was discontinued. However, a deep and durable response after discontinuation of treatment was shown, and we were able to perform nephrectomy on day336. He is undergoing nivolumab therapy for pulmonary metastases.A 66-year-old woman who had been receiving medication for hypertension and hyperlipidemia was referred to our hospital for evaluation of a left adrenal tumor (12×8 mm) that was incidentally detected on computed tomography. Her 24-hour urinary catecholamine level was elevated, and metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scintigraphy revealed increased uptake in the area around the left adrenal gland, necessitating laparoscopic adrenalectomy for preoperative diagnosis of left adrenal pheochromocytoma. Intraoperatively, we detected a para-aortic tumor behind the adrenal gland, and this lesion was excised together with the adrenal gland. However, manipulation of the para-aortic tumor led to elevation in the blood pressure to 170 mmHg. Histopathological examination of the resected specimens revealed an adrenocortical adenoma and a para-aortic ganglioneuroma, consisting of ganglion cells, nerve fibers, and Schwann cells. The patient's blood pressure normalized immediately postoperatively, and MIBG scintigraphy revealed a negative result. Endocrine active ganglioneuromas are rare, and to our knowledge, currently only 8 cases (including ours) have been reported in the Japanese and English literature.The present multicenter study performed by the MIYAZAKI UROLOGICAL-NETWORK GROUP involving patients from 32 hospitals in Miyazaki Prefecture demonstrates that an association exists between the use of prescription drugs for male lower urinary tract symptoms (MLUTS) and patient characteristics. Men aged ≥40 years who were prescribed at least one drug for MLUTS between April 1, 2014 and March 31, 2015 were prospectively recruited. In total, 2,295 patients with a median age of 72 years were enrolled. The median prostate volume was 33 ml, the median International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) was 15, and the median quality-of-life score was 5. Prescribed drugs were α1-blockers alone in 1,661 patients, tamsulosin hydrochloride in 702, silodosin in 481, and naftopidil in 477. Multivariate analysis of the associations between use of α1-blockers and patient characteristics revealed use of tamsulosin hydrochloride to be more significantly associated with higher age (P=0.02), higher prostate volume (P=0.048), and higher IPSS score (P=0. 01) than silodosin. No significant associations between patient characteristics and naftopidil or tamsulosin hydrochloride ware revealed. We found that 369 patients received drug therapy for MLUTS plus overactive bladder (OAB). Multivariate analysis of the associations between patient characteristics and use of drugs for MLUTS or MLUTS plus OAB revealed higher age (P=0.001) and lower PSA value (P=0.04), lower prostate volume (P=0.01), and higher storage symptom score of IPSS (P less then 0.001) to be more strongly associated with use of drugs for MLUTS plus OAB than drugs for MLUTS alone.Abiraterone acetate plus prednisone/prednisolone (AAP) and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) was approved for the treatment of high-risk metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) in Japan in 2018. We investigated 22 patients with mHSPC showing ≥2 of 3 high-risk factors (Gleason score ≥8, ≥3 bone lesions or measurable visceral metastases) who received AAP plus ADT at our hospital between March 2018 and October 2019. We compared outcomes between the propensity-score matched AAP plus ADT group and the combined androgen blockade (CAB) group (19 matched pairs, 38 patients) to evaluate the efficacy and safety of AAP plus ADT. Prostate-specific antigen progression-free survival (PSA-PFS) was significantly longer in the AAP group than in the CAB group (not reached vs 15.1 months, p=0.014). Time to achievement of serum PSA ≤0.2 ng/ml and ≤0.1 ng/ml was shorter in the AAP group than in the CAB group (6.4 months vs not reached, p=0.001 and 11.0 months vs not reached, p=0.004, respectively). Although no significant intergroup difference was observed in the overall survival rates and PSA-PFS2 (PSAPFS on subsequent anticancer therapy) owing to the shorter follow-up in the AAP group, our data suggest that the clinical efficacy of AAP is betterthan that of CAB in patients with mHSPC.We compared the perioperative and oncological outcomes of radical nephroureterectomy for renal pelvic and ureteral cancer between octogenarians and younger patients. We examined 146 patients attending our hospital from January 2012 to December 2019. The octogenarian group included 48 patients and the control group (younger patients) 98 patients. The median body mass index (BMI) (21.2 vs 23.4 kg/m^2, p less then 0.001), American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score (p=0.044), preoperative albumin concentration (p=0.04) and operation time (287 vs 314 min, p=0.029) differed significantly between the two groups. However, there were no significant differences in perioperative complications between the two groups. According to multivariable analysis of overall survival, pT3 or higher pathology was a significant indicator of poor prognosis in all patients. In the octogenarian group alone, perioperative transfusion was the only other factor significantly associated with prognosis, whereas anti-CD55 monoclonal antibody (RM1) was a significant factor in the control group. There were significant differences between the octogenarian and control groups with respect to overall survival in those with pT2 or below stage disease (60.2% vs 87.5%, p=0.049), but not to cancer-specific survival (≤pT2 73.5% vs 94.2%, p=0.202 ≥pT3 72.2% vs 63.8%, p=0. 87). Our findings indicate that nephroureterectomy is a safe and efficient procedure for selected octogenarian patients.The world population is facing a health challenge never seen since the Spanish influenza of one hundred years ago. During the last months, the scientific community has been debating on the potential harmful effect of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) or angiotensin II receptor type 1 receptor blockers (AT1-receptor blockers, ARBs) during the COVID-19 pandemic. That is because the S spike protein of SARS-CoV viruses utilizes the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a receptor to enter alveolar epithelial cells. Obesity, often associated to type 2 Diabetes, was shown to worsen the prognosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Herein we discuss the complex interaction between the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), its receptors, and the interaction with the Kallikrein-Kinin-system (KKS) and the potential activation of the coagulation cascade. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/birinapant-tl32711.html Birinapant] Alteration of the equilibrium between the RAAS system and the KKS cascade may explain the frequent thromboembolic complications of COVID-19 mainly seen in obese and diabetic-obese patients. In contrast, angiotensin (1-7) contributes to maintaining a correct balance between RAAS and KKS system. Our conclusion is that the higher mortality rate in patients with obesity is linked to the alteration of RAS and RAS-KKS interaction consequent to SARS-CoV-2-cell entrance. At present, no data support the necessity of modifying ACEi or ARBs treatment in hypertensive patients.<br /><br /> This study aimed to determine the relationship between the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and pathological indicators in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).<br /><br /> PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for relevant clinical trials. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) showed the effect magnitude of the expression of EGFR, age, gender, tumor size, lymph node metastasis (LNM), extrathyroid extension(ETE), and TNM(Tumor, Lymph node, Metastasis) stage. Stata 12.0 was used for statistical analysis of data.<br /><br /> A total of 845 cases of PTC were included through the retrieval of 8 studies performed abroad. EGFR significantly correlated with extrathyroid extension (OR = 3.25; 95% CI 1.25-8.43; Z = 2.42; P = 0.015), LNM (OR = 8.40; 95% CI 5.44-12.97; Z = 9.61; P = 0.000), and TNM stage (OR = 2.30, 95% CI 1.51-3.51; Z = 3.87; P= 0.000). EGFR had no correlation with age (OR =1.13; 95% CI 0.83-1.53; Z = 0.77; P = 0.44], gender (OR = 0.93; 95% CI 0.