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The lowest PSA value was seen in a patient in grade group 1 but the highest PSA value was recorded in a patient in Grade group 3. The lowest and highest tumour volumes were seen in patients in grade group 4. The PSA and tumour volumes did not vary in linear fashion with Gleason grade. Conclusion The results show that the majority of patients in Ibadan present with high grade prostatic carcinoma even using the new ISUP grading system but the proportion of highgrade tumours seems higher than in the previous study, likely because more diagnostic tissue has become available per case. Examining a minimum of 12 cores have definitely created an opportunity for proper grading. Peak incidence is in the 7th decade followed by the 8th decade. Very high PSA values recorded in our patients with prostatic carcinoma do not show linear relationship with prostatic carcinoma volume or grade.Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus can be a major drain on resources due to lifelong treatment and risk of catastrophic expenditure from treatment of complications. The prevalence has been projected to rise to alarming levels in developing countries. This study aimed to assess the levels of, and associations between good glycaemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes and their modes of financing healthcare. Methods In this hospital based descriptive cross-sectional study, 260 patients being managed for type 2 diabetes at the outpatient clinics of Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos were recruited by systematic random sampling method. All participants received a HBA1C test to assess glycaemic control and a composite interviewer administered questionnaire adapted from the MMAS-8 and diabetes care profile to assess medication adherence, modes of financing and other factors related to disease management. Results Of the 260 study participants, 34.62% (90) had good glycaemic control. In the mode of health care financing only 15% (39) paid by health insurance (NHIS), while 85% of the respondents' payment was by out-of-pocket (OOP) payment. About half of these OOP payments were made by family, friends and others (in this study, a proxy for informal means of pooling finances). Significant associations were found between glycaemic control and adherence (2 13.93, p=0.001), glycaemic control and mode of payment (2 15.30, p=0.0000) and also adherence and mode of payment (2 16.59, p =0.002). Conclusion In this study, only about a third of patients with type 2 diabetes achieved good glycaemic control, most patients used OOP financing and patients with OOP financing had poorer adherence and poorer glycaemic control. There is a need to scale up health insurance to improve health outcomes in diabetes management and protect people in developing countries from the burden of health care costs of chronic diseases like type 2 diabetes.Background Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy associated with potentially fatal outcomes are common obstetrics occurrences. Early diagnosis, management and prediction of outcomes are challenges to be surmounted especially in developing countries. Biomarkers are emerging as useful tools for diagnosis and prognostication in varying health conditions. Elevated levels of serum copeptin and Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) are associated with adverse perinatal outcomes and may serve as potential biomarkers utilized during routine antenatal care. Objective To determine the level and clinical value of copeptin and BNP as biomarkers of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy among Nigerian pregnant women. Methods This case-control study comprised 156 consenting pregnant women equally grouped into those with chronic hypertension (CH), gestational hypertension (GH), and preeclampsia (PE) as cases and normotensives as controls. Pregnant women were recruited from the antenatal clinic, University College Hospital, Nigeria. Blood pressures were measured and blood (10ml) was drawn from patients, serum and plasma obtained accordingly while other data were collected using interviewer administered questionnaire and medical records. Serum copeptin and plasma BNP levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Data was analysed with SPSS version 20.0 and statistical significance was set at p 0.05). The ROC curve for copeptin gave an AUC of 0.829 (p= 0.000) with a cut off value of 10.15pmol/ L while the AUC for BNP was 0.902 (p= 0.000) with a cut off value of 50.81pg/mL. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Y-27632.html selleck] Conclusion Serum copeptin and plasma BNP levels were significantly higher in GH and PE and may be used as markers of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy among Nigerian pregnant women.Background Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Optimum adherence to medication is still a perplexing matter for hypertensive patients in Nigeria and serum markers use as predictor for medication adherence has not been conclusive. Aim To define the level of antihypertensive medication adherence, its possible correlation with serum uric acid (SUA) levels and other predictors of antihypertensive medication adherence among Nigerian patients. Methods Patients were recruited from the University Teaching Hospital Cardiology Clinic. Blood was drawn for SUA levels. Validated 8-item MMAS-8 was administered to hypertensives to measure adherence, and correlations analysed between SUA levels and the MMAS-8 score, with SPSS-23. SUA is defined as elevated in men with concentrations of =430µmols/l, normal range 200-430µmols/l, and =360µmol/l in women, normal range140-360µmol/l. Linear regression analysis of the predictors of antihypertensive medication adherence was done. A statistcations was weakened (r=0.209, p less then 0.001) after adjusting for combined confounding variables. Linear regression revealed that SUA levels is a predictor of antihypertensive medication adherence. Conclusion Antihypertensive medication adherence was unsatisfactory, elevated SUA levels correlated with low antihypertensive adherence, and this correlation was influenced by several singular and combined confounding variables in our patient population. Hence SUA levels can be a predictor and a marker of antihypertensive medication adherence.