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Secondly, we discussed the effect of ABC transporters (MDCK vs. MDCK-chAbcb1/Abcg2) and pH (5.5 vs. 7.4) on drug permeability and classification. The drug is classified as highly permeable when its permeability is equal to or greater than metoprolol tartrate. Though ABC transporters and pH significantly affected the permeability values of drugs (p&nbsp; less then &nbsp;.05), the permeability classification of the drugs has not been changed except for sulfamethoxazole. This work highlights some of the significant challenges that would be encountered in order to develop a chicken BCS, this valuable information could serve as a helpful tool during chicken drugs development and to minimize the potential risks when developing formulations. © 2020 John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd.BACKGROUND Multiple myeloma (MM) is still an incurable hematological malignancy evolved from asymptomatic monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). New evidence suggests that circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) can serve as stable diagnostic biomarkers for MM and MUGS. METHODS Serum miRNAs in MM patients, MUGS patients, and healthy controls (HC) were performed by Agilent Bioanalyzer 2100. MicroRNAs in MM detected as promising biomarkers were validated by using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve and multivariate logistic analysis were used to evaluate the diagnostic value of miRNAs for MM and MUGS. RESULTS In microarray analysis, the top ten differential expressed miRNAs in MM included miR-134-5p, miR-107, miR-15a-5p, miR-5159-3p, miR-1914-3p, miR-4723-3p, miR-5588-3p, miR-6893-3p, miR-7106-3p, and miR-6722-5p. Three up-regulated miRNAs (miR-134-5p, miR-107, and miR-15a-5p) were further validated. The elevated expression levels of miR-134-5p, miR-107, and miR-15a-5p in qRT-PCR were increased consistent with microarray analysis. These miRNAs distinguished MM and MUGS from HC significantly. Multivariate logistic analysis showed combination miR-107, miR-15a-5p with Hb, the AUC was 0.954 (95% CI 0.890-1.000), sensitivity of 91.3%, and specificity of 93.7% for distinguishing MM from MUGS. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that miR-134-5p, miR-107, and miR-15a-5p are potential diagnostic biomarkers in MM and MUGS. Moreover, the combination miR-107 and miR-15a-5p with Hb can distinguish MM from MUGS. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.OBJECTIVE To describe the prenatal sonographic features and maternal biochemical markers in triploid pregnancies and to assess whether prenatal phenotype can determine genetic origin. METHODS We performed a retrospective multicenter cohort study that included all triploid pregnancies diagnosed between 2000 and 2018 in two Fetal Medicine Units in Amsterdam. Fetal growth, presence of structural anomalies, extra-fetal anomalies, and maternal biochemical markers were retrieved. Asymmetrical intrauterine growth restriction was diagnosed when the head-to-abdominal circumference (HC/AC) ratio was &gt;95th centile. Parental origin was analyzed via molecular genotyping in 46 cases (38.3%). RESULTS One hundred and twenty triploid pregnancies were identified, of which 86 cases (71.6%) were detected before 18 weeks of gestation. Triploidy of maternal origin was found in 32 cases (69.6%) and was associated with asymmetrical growth restriction, a thin placenta, and low pregnancy-associated plasma protein A and free beta-human chorionic gonadotrophin (β-hCG) levels. Triploidy of paternal origin was found in 14 cases (30.4%) and was associated with an increased nuchal translucency, placental molar changes, and a high free β-hCG. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/cerdulatinib.html selleckchem] Prospective prediction of the parental origin of the triploidy was made in 30 of the 46 cases based on phenotypical ultrasound presentation, and it was correct in all cases. CONCLUSION Asymmetrical growth restriction with severe HC/AC discrepancy is pathognomonic of maternal triploidy. Placental molar changes indicate a paternal triploidy. Moreover, triploidy can present with an abnormal first trimester combined test, with serum levels on the extreme end. When available results of maternal serum markers can support the diagnosis of parental origin of the triploidy, an accurate assessment of the parental origin based on prenatal sonographic features is possible, making DNA analysis redundant. © 2020 The Authors. Prenatal Diagnosis published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd.Radiostereometric analysis (RSA) is the most accurate method of measuring component migration using radiographs but is restricted to use in prospective studies. Ein-Bild-Roentgen-analyze (EBRA)-Cup can be used retrospectively, but its accuracy to measure component migration following revision is unknown. This study aimed to determine the accuracy of EBRA-Cup measurements of uncemented acetabular component migration after revision total hip replacement (THR). The secondary aim was to compare the number of cases identified using EBRA-Cup and RSA as having proximally migrated above and below 1 mm at 2 years postoperatively. EBRA-Cup measurements were performed on plain antero-posterior pelvic radiographs taken at the same time as RSA radiographs in a prospective cohort of 53 hips undergoing acetabular revision. At 2 years, the mean difference between the RSA and EBRA-Cup measurements for 17 components used to treat pelvic discontinuity was 0.90 mm, significantly greater than the mean difference of 0.28 mm for 36 components without discontinuity (P = .0001). The mean difference between the RSA and EBRA-Cup measurements at 2 years for hips that were reconstructed with an acetabular component alone, 0.28 mm, was significantly lower than hips that were reconstructed with an acetabular component in combination with an augment and/or cage, 0.74 mm (P = .0005). In conclusion, EBRA-Cup can accurately measure migration of uncemented acetabular components used at revision THR. The presence of pelvic discontinuity, and addition of augments and cages, significantly influenced the accuracy of EBRA-Cup measurements. EBRA-Cup and RSA had good agreement on classification of components that migrated proximally above or below 1 mm at 2 years, with 100% sensitivity, and 87% specificity. © 2020 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.