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e the primary reason for selecting one treatment over another. Furthermore, RCTs based on biomechanical studies should be carefully designed to maximize the chance of providing clinically relevant insights.<br /><br /> To analyze high and low contrast visual acuity and contrast sensitivity in diabetic patients without clinically significant macular edema associated or not with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy.<br /><br /> Cross-sectional study of 368 eyes of 368 patients classified into three groups a) disease-free patients, b) patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) without diabetic retinopathy, c) DM patients with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy. All patients underwent a complete ophthalmological examination that included high and low contrast visual acuity with 1.25%, 2.5% and 5% contrast chart and Pelli-Robson type contrast sensitivity test.<br /><br /> We observed no statistically significant differences regarding age, intraocular pressure, duration of diabetes or high contrast visual acuity. The eyes of patients with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy had worse contrast sensitivity (p = 0.03, in both cases) and low contrast visual acuity at 1.5% (p = 0.03 and p = 0.01), 2.5% (p = 0.01, in both cases) and 5% (p = 0.02 and p = 0.04) than patients free of disease or without diabetic retinopathy.<br /><br /> Analysis of contrast sensitivity and low contrast visual acuity could be considered as markers of visual function impairment in the eyes of patients with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy.<br /><br />Analysis of contrast sensitivity and low contrast visual acuity could be considered as markers of visual function impairment in the eyes of patients with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy.<br /><br /> Correction osteotomies around the knee are common methods for the treatment of varus or valgus malalignment of the lower extremity. In recent years, patient specific instrumentation (PSI) guides were introduced in order to enhance the accuracy of these procedures. The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of CT based PSI guides for correction osteotomies around the knee of low volume osteotomy surgeons and to evaluate if CT based PSI blocks deliver a high degree of accuracy without using intraoperative fluoroscopy.<br /><br /> Two study arms with CT based PSI cutting blocks for osteotomies around the knee were conducted. Part one A retrospective analysis of 19 osteotomies was made in order to evaluate the accuracy in the hands of a low volume surgeon on long-leg radiographs. Part two A cadaveric study with 8 knees was performed for the purpose of analyzing the accuracy without using intraoperative fluoroscopy on pre- and postoperative CT scans. Hip-Knee-Ankle angle (HKA), lateral distal femoral angle (Lective and experimental Study.Sugarcane molasses are considered a potential source for bioethanol's commercial production because of its availability and low market price. It contains high concentrations of fermentable sugars that can be directly metabolized by microbial fermentation. Heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria, especially Lactiplantibacillus casei, have a high potential to be a biocatalyst in ethanol production that they are characterized by strong abilities of carbohydrate metabolism, ethanol synthesis, and high alcohol tolerance. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of producing ethanol by Lactiplantibacillus casei used the ethanologen engineering strain L. casei E1 as a starter culture and cane molasses as substrate medium. The effects of environmental factors on the metabolism of L. casei E1 were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system, and the gene expression of key enzymes in carbon source metabolism was detected using quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). Results showed that the strain could grow well, ferment sugar quickly in cane molasses. By fermenting this bacterium anaerobically at 37 °C for 36 h incubation in 5 °BX molasses when the fermenter's pH was controlled at 6.0, ethanol yield reached 13.77 g/L, and carbohydrate utilization percentage was 78.60%. RT-qPCR results verified the strain preferentially ferment glucose and fructose of molasses to ethanol at the molecular level. In addition, the metabolism of sugars, especially fructose, would be inhibited by elevating acidity. Our findings support the theoretical basis for exploring Lactic acid bacteria as a starter culture for converting sugarcane molasses into ethanol.Long-chain (≥ C20) polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), such as eicosapentaenoic acid (205n-3, EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (226n-3, DHA), are necessary for human health and are obtained from marine fish-derived oils. Marine fish are LC-PUFA-rich animals; however, many of them require LC-PUFA for growth. Therefore, it is suggested that they do not have sufficient ability to biosynthesize LC-PUFA. To evaluate in vivo LC-PUFA synthetic activity in fish cells, fish-derived cell lines from red sea bream (Pagrus major, PMS and PMF), Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus, HINAE), and zebrafish (Danio rerio, BRF41) were incubated with n-3 fatty acids labeled by radioisotopes or stable isotopes, and then, n-3 PUFA were analyzed by thin-layer chromatography or liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Labeled EPA and DHA were biosynthesized from labeled α-linolenic acid (183n-3) in BRF41, whereas they were not detected in PMS, PMF, or HINAE cells. We next cloned the fatty acid desaturase 2 (Fads2) cDNAs from PMF cells and zebrafish, expressed in budding yeasts, and then analyzed the substrate specificities of enzymes. As a result, we found that Fads2 from PMF cells was a ∆6/∆8 desaturase. Collectively, our study indicates that cell lines from red sea bream and Japanese flounder were not able to synthesize EPA or DHA by themselves, possibly due to the lack of ∆5 desaturase activity. Furthermore, this study provides a sensitive and reproducible non-radioactive method for evaluating LC-PUFA synthesis in fish cells using a stable isotope and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.Specialists need to know how accurate and effective each radiographic procedure is, and which ones can provide better images for bone resorption around the apical periodontitis. Therefore, the researcher decided to conduct the present study with the aim of evaluate the accuracy values of cone-beam CT regarding apical periodontitis. The PubMed, Embase, ISI, Scopus, and Medicine have been used to search articles over the last 15 years between 2005 and December 2020. Meta-analysis data with 95% confidence interval (CI), Random effect model, and restricted maximum-likelihood methods were calculated. Random effects were used to deal with potential heterogeneity and I2 showed heterogeneity. I2 values above 50% signified moderate-to-high heterogeneity. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/AZD0530.html https://www.selleckchem.com/products/AZD0530.html] The meta-analysis has been evaluated with the statistical software Stata/MP v.16 (The fastest version of Stata). One hundred and fifty-eight studies were selected to review the abstracts, six papers met these crucial criteria to do a systematic review and meta-analysis.