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Little is known about the impact of severe aortic stenosis (AS) in aortic stiffness and if there is any change after removing AS barrier with aortic valve replacement (AVR) surgery.<br /><br /> To estimate carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) changes after AVR surgery and to define PWV predictors in severe AS patients.<br /><br /> Single-center retrospective cohort, including patients with severe AS who underwent AVR surgery with bioprostheses, between February 2017 and January 2019 and performed PWV measurements (Complior®) before and after the procedure (2±1 months). Before and after AVR, PWV values were compared through paired tests. The associations of PWV with clinical data were studied and linear regression models were applied to estimate pre and postoperative PWV independent predictors. The significance level was set at 5%.<br /><br /> We included 150 patients in the sample, with mean age of 72±8 years, and 51% being males. We found a statistically significant increase in PWV values after surgery (9.0±2.1 m/s vs. 9.9±2.2, p&lt;0.001, before and after AVR, respectively) and an inverse association with AS severity variables. In the linear regression model, age and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were established as independent predictors of higher pre- and postoperative PWV, while higher mean valvular gradient emerged as a determinant of lower pre-AVR PWV.<br /><br /> We documented an inverse correlation of arterial stiffness with the severity of AS in patients with AS, and a significant increase in PWV values after AVR surgery. Advanced age and higher SBP were associated with higher PWV values, although arterial function measurements were within the normal range. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2021; 116(3)475-482).<br /><br />We documented an inverse correlation of arterial stiffness with the severity of AS in patients with AS, and a significant increase in PWV values after AVR surgery. Advanced age and higher SBP were associated with higher PWV values, although arterial function measurements were within the normal range. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2021; 116(3)475-482).<br /><br /> The cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is elevated in resistant hypertension (RH), but the effects of a TNF-α inhibitor in this population is unknown.<br /><br /> The aim of this trial was to evaluate whether a single dose of infliximab controlled by placebo acutely reduces blood pressure (BP) in RH subjects.<br /><br /> A double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial was conducted, and randomized RH subjects received either infliximab or placebo. The primary endpoint was the change in mean BP levels relative to the baseline immediately after the infusion obtained by continuously beat-to-beat non-invasive hemodynamic assessment. Secondary endpoints included changes in office, ambulatory and central BP measurements; endothelial function; and inflammatory biomarkers after 7 days. The level of significance accepted was alpha=0.05.<br /><br /> Ten RH subjects were enrolled. The primary endpoint analysis showed an acute decrease in mean BP values (mean of differences ± standard deviation = -6.3 ± 7.2 mmHg, p=0.02) from baselineoof-of-concept are hypothesis-generating and need to be further investigated. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2021; 116(3)443-451).<br /><br /> Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality, resulting in high health costs and significant economic losses. The Framingham score has been widely used to stratify the cardiovascular risk of the individuals, identifying those at higher risk for the implementation of prevention measures directed to this group.<br /><br /> To estimate cardiovascular risk at 10 years in the adult Brazilian population.<br /><br /> Cross-sectional study using laboratory data from a subsample of the National Health Survey. To calculate cardiovascular risk, the Framingham score stratified by sex was used.<br /><br /> Most women (58.4%) had low cardiovascular risk, 32.9% had medium risk and 8.7% had high risk. Among men, 36.5% had low cardiovascular risk, 41.9% had medium risk and 21.6% had high risk. The risk increased with age and was high in the low-educated population. The proportion of the components of the Framingham model, by risk and sex, shows that, among women at high risk, the indicators that mostly contributed to cardiovascular risk were systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, HDL, diabetes and tobacco. Among men, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, HDL, tobacco and diabetes.<br /><br /> The study estimates, for the first time in Brazil, the risk of developing cardiovascular disease in ten years. The risk score is useful to support the prevention practices of these diseases, considering the clinical and epidemiological context.<br /><br />The study estimates, for the first time in Brazil, the risk of developing cardiovascular disease in ten years. The risk score is useful to support the prevention practices of these diseases, considering the clinical and epidemiological context.<br /><br /> It is well-known that insulin resistance and hyperglycemia are important pathological causes for the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). However, its precise molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of DCM remain unclear.<br /><br /> Recent studies reveal that microRNAs (miRNA) play essential roles in the pathogenesis of DCM. This project aimed to determine the roles of miR-34a and miR-125b in hyperglycemia-induced cardiomyocyte cell death.<br /><br /> Rat primary cardiomyocytes were isolated and exposed to normal and high concentrations of glucose. Cell viability was measured using MTT assay. Expressions of miR-34a and miR-125b were detected by qRT-PCR. Potential targets of miR-34a and miR-125b were predicted from www.Targetscan.org and validated from human heart tissues. A statistical significance of p&lt;0.05 was considered.<br /><br /> The present study shows that miR-34a and miR-125b are downregulated in a human diabetic heart. Moreover, in vitro data from rat primary cardiomyocytes showed that short-term high glucose tretrategies for diabetes-associated cardiovascular dysfunction.<br /><br /> The underlying mechanisms by which rheumatic heart disease (RHD) lead to severe valve dysfunction are not completely understood.<br /><br /> The present study evaluated the histopathological changes in mitral valves (MV) seeking an association between the pattern of predominant valvular dysfunction and histopathological findings.<br /><br /> In 40 patients who underwent MV replacement due to RHD, and in 20 controls that underwent heart transplant, histological aspects of the excised MV were analyzed. Clinical and echocardiographic data were also collected. Histological analyses were performed using hematoxylin-eosin staining. Inflammation, fibrosis, neoangiogenesis, calcification and adipose metaplasia were determined. A p value&lt;0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.<br /><br /> The mean age of RHD patients was 53±13 years, 36 (90%) were female, whereas the mean age of controls was 50±12 years, similar to the cases, with the majority of males (70%). The rheumatic valve endocardium presented greater thickness than the controls (1.3±0.5 mm versus 0.90±0.4 mm, p=0.003, respectively), and a more intense inflammatory infiltrate in the endocardium (78% versus 36%; p=0.004), with predominance of mononuclear cells. Moderate to marked fibrosis occurred more frequently in rheumatic valves than in control valves (100% vs. 29%; p&lt;0.001). Calcification occurred in 35% of rheumatic valves, especially among stenotic valves, which was associated with the mitral valve area (p=0.003).<br /><br /> Despite intense degree of fibrosis, the inflammatory process remains active in the rheumatic mitral valve, even at late disease with valve dysfunction. Calcification predominated in stenotic valves and in patients with right ventricular dysfunction.<br /><br />Despite intense degree of fibrosis, the inflammatory process remains active in the rheumatic mitral valve, even at late disease with valve dysfunction. Calcification predominated in stenotic valves and in patients with right ventricular dysfunction.<br /><br /> Hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS) ia s devastating hyperinflammatory syndrome. Heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) status is closely correlated with increased inflammation, both systemic and intramyocardial.<br /><br /> This study sought to determine mortality predictors and reliable follow-up parameters in HPS that developed HFpEF during the clinical course.<br /><br /> Thirty-nine patients, diagnosed as HPS, according to HLH 2004 diagnostic criteria, with an HScore of ≥169 and proven bone marrow aspiration or biopsy, were recruited retrospectively. Both traditional, serum C-reactive protein, albumin and ferritin levels with lymphocyte, and platelet counts, as well as non-traditional risk factors, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte count (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte count (MLR), mean platelet volume (MPV), and N-Terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP), were investigated retrospectively. The relationship between time-changed laboratory values both among themselves and with mortality. The overall significan who suffer from HFpEF. Close monitoring of inflammation may predict the outcome of patients suffering from HFpEF.<br /><br /> To compare the auditory-perceptual performance of children with and without phonological disorder (PD) in the identification task of contrasts between stops phonemes.<br /><br /> Information was selected from a database regarding the auditory-perceptual performance of 46 children (23 with a diagnosis of PD with involvement in the stops (G1) and 23 with typical speech development (G2)), aged 4 and eight years old, in an identification task of the class of stops consonants in Brazilian Portuguese, using the speech perception assessment instrument (PERCEFAL). The reaction time, the number of errors and correctness, as well as the pattern of perceptual error were considered in the analysis.<br /><br /> Regarding the auditory-perceptual accuracy, T-Test showed a statistically significant difference, in which typical children had a higher average of correctness than children with PD and shorter reaction time for correct answers. Regarding the error pattern, repeated measures ANOVA showed a significant effect for the group and error pattern, but not for the interaction between group and error pattern. Tukey's Post Hoc test showed for both groups that errors involving place of articulation were superior to voicing and voicing + place of articulation errors.<br /><br /> children with phonological disorders have worse accuracy in relation to children without disorders and, also, longer response time for correctness. Errors involving the place of articulation between the stops were the most frequent for both groups.<br /><br />children with phonological disorders have worse accuracy in relation to children without disorders and, also, longer response time for correctness. Errors involving the place of articulation between the stops were the most frequent for both groups.<br /><br /> to verify the efficacy of speech therapy in the early return of oral intake in patients with post-orotracheal intubation dysphagia.<br /><br /> It was a double-blinded randomized controlled trial for two years with patients of intensive care units of a hospital. Study inclusion criteria were orotracheal intubation&gt;48hours, age≥18 years old, clinical stability, and dysphagia. Exclusion criteria were tracheotomy, score 4 to 7 in the Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS), neurological disorders. Patients were randomized into speech treatment or control group (ten days of follow-up). The treated group (TG) received guidance, therapeutic techniques, airway protection and maneuvers, orofacial myofunctional and vocal exercises, diet introduction; the control group (CG) received SHAM treatment. Primary outcomes were oral intake progression, dysphagia severity, and tube feeding permanence.<br /><br /> In the initial period of study, 240 patients were assessed and 40 (16.6%) had dysphagia. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic-acid-alpha-chca.html α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic mw] Of this, 32 patients met the inclusion criteria, and 17 (53%) received speech therapy.