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At the same time, they are underrepresented in decision-making and leadership in the healthcare sector.In December 2019 novel coronavirus-Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Corona Virus2 (SARS-CoV2)-originated from Wuhan, China, and spread rapidly around the world. This literature review highlights the dynamic nature of COVID-19 transmission and presentation. Analyzing 59 relevant articles up to May 1st, 2020 reflects that the main reported clinical manifestation of COVID-19 pandemic is fever and respiratory involvement. Also, current literature demonstrates a wide spectrum of different and atypical presentation(s) of COVID-19. The definite route of SARS-CoV2 transmission is respiratory droplets, however, virus nucleic acid has been detected in the stool and urine specimens as well. The severity of symptoms and outcomes of COVID-19 vary based on the patient's medical background, age, sex, and concurrent medical conditions (e.g. pregnancy). This is the first review that classifies all essential points regarding COVID-19 manifestations at a glance to improve the outcome of the patients by a better insight into diagnosis and management.<br /><br /> Improved understanding of airway anatomy and refinement of equipment have led to the increased use of cuffed endotracheal tubes (ETTs) in infants and children. Despite expanded evidence on the potential advantages of cuffed ETTs in pediatric patients, there remains limited data on their use in infants less than 5kilograms (kg). The current study retrospectively evaluates the perioperative use of cuffed ETTs in infants weighing 2-5kg.<br /><br /> This is a retrospective study from a tertiary care children's hospital involving a 3-year period. Data regarding anesthetic care, airway management, and postoperative course were retrospectively retrieved from the electronic medical record.<br /><br /> The study cohort included 1162 patients, 1086 of whom had their tracheas intubated with a cuffed ETT and 76 with an uncuffed ETT. Patients were divided into two groups for analysis 2 to &lt;3kg and 3 to 5kg. In both weight groups, cuffed ETTs resulted in a decreased need for more than one laryngoscopy and a change in ETT size with no increase in postoperative airway effects including stridor.<br /><br /> These data provide additional information regarding the efficacy and safety of cuffed ETTs in neonates and infants.<br /><br />These data provide additional information regarding the efficacy and safety of cuffed ETTs in neonates and infants.<br /><br /> Early-stage symptomology of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is similar in presentation to non-NEC sepsis, though the treatment plans differ based on antibiotic administration and withholding of feeds. Improved diagnostics for NEC differentiation would allow clinicians to more rapidly set individual patients on a targeted treatment path. Extracellular vesicle-derived miRNAs, have previously demonstrated efficacy as disease biomarkers. To determine if these miRNAs are differentially-expressed in NEC infants, we performed transcriptomic analysis of urine-derived extracellular vesicle-derived miRNAs.<br /><br /> Urine was non-invasively obtained from infants in one of four groups (n≥8) (Medical NEC, Surgical NEC, non-NEC sepsis, and healthy age-matched controls). EV-derived miRNAs were isolated and transcriptomic analysis was performed.<br /><br /> Multiple miRNAs, including miR-376a, miR-518a-3p and miR-604, were significantly altered when comparing NEC to non-NEC sepsis and healthy controls, and could potentially be used as specific NEC biomarkers. Additionally, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis demonstrated that miRs differentially-expressed in NEC were associated with inflammatory disease and intestinal disease. Signal transduction molecules associated with NEC including TP53 and RPS15, which were also reduced transcriptionally in a rat model of NEC.<br /><br /> These data indicate that there is a pool of potential urine EV-derived miRNAs that may be validated as NEC biomarkers in the differentiation of NEC from non-NEC sepsis and from age-matched controls. Additionally, signal transduction molecules associated with miRNAs differentially-expressed in human NEC are altered in a murine model of NEC, suggesting potential crossover between murine models of the disease and actual human presentation.<br /><br /> Level III Study of Diagnostic Test.<br /><br />Level III Study of Diagnostic Test.<br /><br /> Gender bias in letters of recommendation (LOR) has been reported for candidate selection in academic medicine, typically with females frequently described with communal terms (e.g. helpful, kind, interpersonal) and males described more with agentic terms (e.g. assertive, intellectual, ambitious). This study examined the presence of linguistic gender differences in LOR for Pediatric Surgery Fellowship.<br /><br /> LOR submitted to a single pediatric surgery fellowship program between 2014 and 2018 were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed using a previously validated Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count Software (LIWC) program. Descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis were employed in our analysis. Multivariable logistic regression models were built to assess independent association of LIWC variables with applicant gender, LOR writer gender, and applicant-writer gender concordance.<br /><br /> 1264 LOR from 325 applicants (51% female) were analyzed. Of the letter writers, 83% were male, 57% were professors, and 7.6% were Pedique form of gender bias that warrants further study.<br /><br />While there are linguistic differences in LOR for candidates in the Pediatric Surgery match based on gender, previously described overt gender bias was not seen in this study. Interestingly, female candidates were described more with work words, like excellent; a reversal of previously described gender bias in academic medicine. These findings may be due to the unique interpersonal and multidisciplinary skills required in pediatric surgery and may represent a unique form of gender bias that warrants further study.<br /><br /> Additively manufactured dental casts are gaining popularity as the digital workflow is adopted in dentistry. However, studies on their dimensional accuracy and stability under different storage conditions in the dental laboratory are lacking.<br /><br /> The purpose of this invitro study was to compare the effects of different additive manufacturing processes and storage conditions on the dimensional accuracy and stability of 3D-printed dental casts.<br /><br /> A completely dentate maxillary typodont model was digitized 10 times with a dental laboratory laser scanner, and the standard tessellation language (STL) files were used to manufacture 3D-printed diagnostic casts with the digital light projection (DLP) 3D printer (Asiga MAX) and material jetting (MJ) 3D printer (ProJet 3510 DPPro). Twenty DLP-printed and 20 MJ-printed diagnostic casts were digitized within 24 hours of production. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/omaveloxolone-rta-408.html click here] Subsequently, all 3D-printed diagnostic casts were stored for 3 months, either in closed laboratory boxes or in dental laboratory open-face plastic containers with direct exposure to full-spectrum balanced light.