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e., greater emotional behavior) was associated with greater anxiety. Associations were not found for the startle suppression condition, depression, or self-report measures of emotion regulation. DISCUSSION Findings suggest that caregivers who are unable to suppress emotional behavior in response to disgusting stimuli may be at greater risk for anxiety. Given high levels of anxiety in caregivers, it may be useful to evaluate interventions that improve ability to downregulate emotional behavior. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail journals.permissions@oup.com.OBJECTIVES Second transurethral resection is recommended for patients diagnosed with high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer; however, there have been several studies showing conflicting findings regarding the advantage of second transurethral resection. The objective of this study was to investigate the prognostic significance of second transurethral resection using propensity score matched analysis. PATIENTS AND METHODS This study retrospectively included 164 consecutive patients who underwent initial transurethral resection and were diagnosed with high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ulixertinib-bvd-523-vrt752271.html selleckchem] Of these, 56 subsequently received second transurethral resection, and the remaining 108 underwent initial transurethral resection alone. RESULTS After adjusting patient variables by propensity score matching, 44 patients were included in each group. There was no significant difference in recurrence-free, progression-free or overall survival between these two groups. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggested no significant impact of second transurethral resection on the prognosis of high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer patients; therefore, it may be necessary to perform a reassessment focusing on the indication for second transurethral resection by conducting a large-scale prospective study. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail journals.permission@oup.com.BACKGROUND This study addresses whether existing specific transcriptional profiles can improve and support the current status of the definition of ulcerative colitis (UC) remission apart from the existing endoscopic, histologic, and laboratory scoring systems. For that purpose, a well-stratified UC patient population in remission was compared to active UC and control patients and was investigated by applying the next-generation technology RNA-Seq. METHODS Mucosal biopsies from patients in remission (n = 14), patients with active UC (n = 14), and healthy control patientss (n = 16) underwent whole-transcriptome RNA-Seq. Principal component analysis, cell deconvolution methods, gene profile enrichment, and pathway enrichment methods were applied to define a specific transcriptional signature of UC in remission. RESULTS Analyses revealed specific transcriptional signatures for UC in remission with increased expression of genes involved in O-glycosylation (MUC17, MUC3A, MUC5AC, MUC12, SPON1, B3GNT3), ephrin-mediated repulsion of cells (EFNB2E, EFNA3, EPHA10, EPHA1), GAP junction trafficking (TUBA1C, TUBA4A, TUBB4B, GJB3, CLTB), and decreased expression of several toll-like receptors (TLR1, TLR3, TLR5, TLR6). CONCLUSIONS This study reveals specific transcriptional signatures for remission. Partial restoration and improvement of homeostasis in the epithelial mucus layer and revival of immunological functions were observed. A clear role for bacterial gut flora composition can be implied. The results can be useful for the development of treatment strategies for UC in remission and may be useful targets for further investigations aiming to predict the outcome of UC in the future. © 2020 Crohn’s &amp; Colitis Foundation. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Crohn’s &amp; Colitis Foundation.OBJECTIVES We investigate associations between adverse employment histories over an extended time period and health functioning in later life, and explore whether national labor market policies moderate the association. METHODS We use harmonized life history data from the Gateway to Global Aging Data on two European studies (SHARE and ELSA) linked to health beyond age 50 (men= 11,621; women= 10,999). Adverse employment histories consist of precarious, discontinued and disadvantaged careers between age 25 and 50, and we use depressive symptoms, grip strength and verbal memory as outcomes. RESULTS Adverse employment histories between age 25 and 50 are associated with poor health functioning later in life, particularly repeated periods of unemployment, involuntary job losses, weak labor market ties and disadvantaged occupational positions. Associations remain consistent after adjusting for age, partnership history, education and employment situation, and after excluding those with poor health prior to or during working life. We find no variations of the associations by national labor market policies. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail journals.permissions@oup.com.BACKGROUND Rotavirus is a common cause of severe pediatric acute gastroenteritis (AGE). Two vaccines are licensed in the United States and have demonstrated high effectiveness against moderate to severe disease. However, fewer data are available on rotavirus vaccine effectiveness (VE) against milder disease. METHODS We leveraged active surveillance data from Kaiser Permanente Northwest (KPNW) to calculate rotavirus VE against medically attended rotavirus illness among age-eligible children. We utilized a test-negative case-control design and applied 4 distinct case definitions based on reverse-transcription-quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) assay and enzyme immunoassay (EIA) test results. VE was calculated as 100*(1 - Odds Ratio), and models were adjusted for age group. RESULTS The VE analysis population comprised 842 children, 799 (95%) of which had mild disease requiring at most a clinic visit, and 698 (83%) of whom were fully vaccinated against rotavirus. Age-adjusted VE was 70% (95% confidence interval [CI] 37 - 86%) against disease defined solely by qRT-PCR results, 72% (95% CI 31 - 89%) against disease as defined by qRT-PCR with a quantification cycle (Cq) value less then 27, 73% (95% CI 32 - 90%) against disease that was qRT-PCR positive but EIA negative, and 62% (95% CI -20 - 88%) against disease defined solely by EIA.