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Post dural puncture headache (PDPH) following caesarean delivery (CD) is a cause for concern for anaesthesiologists. We aimed to study the effect of reinsertion of the stylet after spinal anaesthesia procedure, prior to spinal needle removal, on the incidence of PDPH in women undergoing CD. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/17-AAG(Geldanamycin).html CP127374] We also evaluated the risk factors associated with PDPH.<br /><br /> In this randomised, double-blind study in a tertiary care hospital, 870 American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) II/III women undergoing CD under spinal anaesthesia were randomly divided into-GroupA (n = 435) stylet reinsertion before spinal needle removal and Group B (n = 435) spinal needle removal without stylet reinsertion. All patients were questioned for occurrence of PDPH at various time-points. Statistical calculations were done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 17 version program for Windows.<br /><br /> Sixty-two (7.1%) patients developed PDPH; 27 (6.2%) patients with stylet reinsertion and 35 (8.0%) patients in those with no stylet reinsertion; <br /><br /> = 0.389. The onset of headache was significantly delayed in patients with stylet reinsertion (16.2 ± 6.7 and 13.2 ± 4.3 h, respectively); <br /><br /> = 0.041 and they had greater severity of PDPH compared with those with no stylet reinsertion; <br /><br /> = 0.002. Factors significantly associated with PDPH were hypothyroidism, tea habituation, number of skin punctures and needle redirections, first pass success rate, occurrence of paraesthesia and contact with bone, intraoperative hypotension and time to ambulation.<br /><br /> Reinsertion of the stylet before spinal needle removal did not influence the incidence of PDPH. The onset of PDPH was delayed and the severity of headache was greater in women in whom reinsertion of the stylet was done.<br /><br />Reinsertion of the stylet before spinal needle removal did not influence the incidence of PDPH. The onset of PDPH was delayed and the severity of headache was greater in women in whom reinsertion of the stylet was done.<br /><br /> Postdural puncture headache (PDPH) is a side effect of spinal anaesthesia (SA). This study was conducted to investigate the effect of intrathecal fentanyl on the incidence, severity, and duration of PDPH.<br /><br /> This was a prospective randomised controlled study including 220 parturients, who underwent Caesarean section (CS). They were divided into two groups for administration of SA with bupivacaine (bupivacaine group [B0], n = 111) or bupivacaine with fentanyl (bupivacaine fentanyl group [BF], n = 109). Haemodynamics, quality of anaesthesia, maternal side effects, and postoperative analgesia were noted. The neonatal Apgar score was recorded. The patients were followed up for 14 days after CS for the occurrence of PDPH, and its severity and duration. The collected data were statistically analysed, using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software version 25.<br /><br /> Regarding haemodynamics, heart rate increased at 5 min post-induction and blood pressure decreased at 2min post-induction in both groups. Excellent intraoperative anaesthesia was obtained in 91.7% and 79.3% of cases in groups BF and B0, respectively (<br /><br /> &lt; 0.01). Longer duration of postoperative analgesia was present in the BF group as compared to the B0 group (<br /><br /> &lt; 0.001). The incidence of PDPH decreased in the BF group in a non-significant manner, whereas its severity and duration increased significantly in the B0 group.<br /><br /> Although the addition of intrathecal fentanyl to bupivacaine for SA in CS patients did not reduce the incidence of PDPH significantly, its severity and duration decreased significantly.<br /><br />Although the addition of intrathecal fentanyl to bupivacaine for SA in CS patients did not reduce the incidence of PDPH significantly, its severity and duration decreased significantly.<br /><br /> Oxytocin administration regimens are arbitrary and highly subjective. Hence, it is essential to reinvestigate the appropriate dose for effective uterine contraction with minimal bleeding and adverse effects.<br /><br /> To determine the optimal dose of bolus oxytocin for uterine contractions for elective caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia.<br /><br /> Ninety term mothers (37 to 41 weeks) undergoing caesarean section electively under spinal anaesthesia were considered for the trial and divided into three groups to receive oxytocin bolus of one, two or three units. The uterine tone was assessed at 2 min after oxytocin administration. Intraoperative blood loss, mean arterial pressure, heart rate and possible side effects were also compared. Paired t-test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Chi-square test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) test with Scheffe multiple comparisons were used as inferential statistics.<br /><br /> Adequate uterine contraction was seen in 66% of participants who received one unit of oxytocin, and in 83.3% of participants who received two units of oxytocin. All those who received three units of oxytocin had an adequate uterine contraction. Blood loss was inversely related to the bolus dose of oxytocin.<br /><br /> Lower bolus oxytocin doses of one and two units were inadequate for uterine contraction at elective caeserean section, while three units appeared to be effective in terms of adequate uterine contraction, reduced blood loss and stable haemodynamic system and absent side effects.<br /><br />Lower bolus oxytocin doses of one and two units were inadequate for uterine contraction at elective caeserean section, while three units appeared to be effective in terms of adequate uterine contraction, reduced blood loss and stable haemodynamic system and absent side effects.<br /><br /> Spinal anaesthesia is currently the most common method used for managing patients undergoing elective caesarean sections. Recent meta-analyses have been supporting the use of 5-HT3 antagonists, like ondansetron, to attenuate hypotension induced by spinal block. Various doses of ondansetron were given intravenously five minutes before spinal block. However, a consensus on definitive dose and timing for maximal benefit is yet to be agreed upon.<br /><br /> Our prospective randomised clinical trial investigated a new approach by administrating intravenous ondansetron 20 minutes before spinal anaesthesia. This work investigated ondansetron effect on both haemodynamic changes and vasopressors use by dividing patients into three groups. The first group O4 (n = 51) received 4 mg ondansetron, the second group O6 (n = 51) received 6 mg ondansetron, and the control group C (n = 50) received normal saline. We recorded systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and the mean blood pressure (MBP) at different time intervals.