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The ratios of Th1/Th2 (IFN-γ/IL-4), Th1/Treg (IFN-γ/TGF-β and IFN-γ/IL-10) and Th17/Treg (IL-17/IL-10 and IL-17/IL-10+TGF-β)-related cytokines were also significantly decreased. In conclusion, NaB can potentially be considered as a useful therapeutic agent for the treatment of RA and other Th1 and Th17-mediated diseases.No Abstract.It has been reported that patients with arthritis, osteoarthritis, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, brain ischemia, diabetes, and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) suffer from pro-inflammatory and oxidant related responses. Therefore, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant therapies are used to improve the quality of life of the patients. Saffron is a herbal drug that has immunomodulatory and antioxidant properties. Hence, Saffron and its components have been proposed as therapeutic agents for the treatment of the diseases. Therefore, this review article was designed to collect recent information regarding the effects of saffron and its components on the amelioration of the inflammatory symptoms in the autoimmune and non-autoimmune diseases and anti-cancerous effects from 1999 up to now via searching the Pubmed, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases. Due to fact that several investigations have reviewed the roles played by Saffron on autoimmune and non-autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, mood disorders, and Alzheimer's disease, this review article focuses on other diseases to keep the novelty of the present review for readers.In light of various supports of prodigious figures in the field of immunology and allergy, the subject area has been faced a great leap during the last century. The current state of the discipline owes an abundant appreciation for the scholars motivated in escalating the true nature of the science, who left no stone unturned in improving the general common sense and understanding of the human knowledge in general, and immunology and allergy in particular. Professor Reza Farid Hosseini is among the dignitaries who invested his life and energy on weaving the tapestry of the immunology and allergy. He delivered a great deal of influence on the field by his ethical devotion to science and was a significant contributor in the realms of the human immune system. His presence drastically rehabilitated the place of the Immunology in Iran, and the current paper seeks to review the personal and academic life of Professor Reza Farid Hosseini in honor and appreciation for his in-depth involvement in the field. The paper summarizes Professor Farid's childhood, school, and higher education, compilations, and translation of books, his contribution to the research both inside and outside of Iran, and scientific activities of Dr. Farid Hosseini.The new virus SARS-CoV-2 is savagely spreading out over the world. The biologic studies show that the target receptor for the virus might be angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). This peptide is responsible for converting angiotensin II (Ang II), which is a profoundly active peptide, into Ang 1-7 with quite a balancing barbell function. It is emphasized that the direct target of the virus is ACE2 underlining the obvious difference with ACE. Nevertheless, we hypothesized that a back load build up effect on Ang II may usurp the ACE capacity and subsequently leave the bradykinin system unabated. We think there are clinical clues for dry cough and the presumed aggravating role of ACE inhibitors like captopril on the disease process. Thereby, we speculated that inhibition of bradykinin synthesis and/or blockade of bradykinin B2 receptor using Aprotinin/ecallantide and Icatibant, respectively, may hold therapeutic promise in severe cases and these molecules can be advanced to clinical trials.No Abstract.No abstract!The 2019 scientific meeting of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS) focused on the theme "The Science of Practice." In her presidential address, 2018 AANS President Shelly Timmons discusses evolutions in medical and surgical practice, and explores how current technologies can be used to advance knowledge through thoughtful analyses of clinical observations and experiences.Objective There is an unmet need to perform imaging in young children and obtain CT-equivalent cranial bone images without subjecting the patients to radiation. In this study, the authors propose using a high-resolution fast low-angle shot golden-angle 3D stack-of-stars radial volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination (GA-VIBE) MRI sequence that is intrinsically robust to motion and has enhanced bone versus soft-tissue contrast. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/bpv-hopic.html selleck] Methods Patients younger than 11 years of age, who underwent clinical head CT scanning for craniosynostosis or other cranial malformations, were eligible for the study. 3D reconstructed images created from the GA-VIBE MRI sequence and the gold-standard CT scan were randomized and presented to 3 blinded reviewers. For all image sets, each reviewer noted the presence or absence of the 6 primary cranial sutures and recorded on 5-point Likert scales whether they recommended a second scan be performed. Results Eleven patients (median age 1.8 years) underwent MRI after clinical head CT scanning was performed. Five of the 11 patients were sedated. Three clinicians reviewed the images, and there were no cases, either with CT scans or MR images, in which a reviewer agreed a repeat scan was required for diagnosis or surgical planning. The reviewers reported clear imaging of the regions of interest on 99% of the CT reviews and 96% of the MRI reviews. With CT as the standard, the sensitivity and specificity of the GA-VIBE MRI sequence to detect suture closure were 97% and 96%, respectively (n = 198 sutures read). Conclusions The 3D reconstructed images using the GA-VIBE sequence in comparison to the CT scans created clinically acceptable cranial images capable of detecting cranial sutures. Future directions include reducing the scan time, improving motion correction, and automating postprocessing for clinical utility.Objective Pituitary adenomas (PAs) are among the most common intracranial tumors. Understanding the clinical effects of various modifiable risk factors (MRFs) and nonmodifiable risk factors (NMRFs) is important in guiding proper treatment, yet there is limited evidence outlining the influence of MRFs and NMRFs on outcomes of PA resection. The aim of this study was to analyze MRFs and NMRFs in patients undergoing resection for PAs. Methods Using the 2016 and 2017 National Readmission Database, the authors identified a cohort of 9472 patients undergoing microscopic or endoscopic resection of a PA. Patients with nonoverlapping MRFs and NMRFs were analyzed for length of stay (LOS), hospital cost, readmission rates, and postoperative complications. From the original cohort, a subset of 373 frail patients (as defined by the Johns Hopkins Frailty Index) were identified and propensity matched to nonfrail patients. Statistical analysis included 1-way ANOVA, Tukey multiple comparisons of means, odds ratios, Wald testing, and unpaired Welch 2-sample t-tests to compare complications, outcomes, and costs between each cohort.