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To compare the effectiveness of three-dimensional printed (3DP), virtual reality (VR) and conventional normal physical (NP) models in clinical education regarding the morphology of craniovertebral junction (CVJ) deformities.<br /><br /> Prospective, multicentre, randomised controlled study.<br /><br /> Three teaching hospitals in China.<br /><br /> One hundred and fifty-three participants in their first year of a 3-year medical residency programme.<br /><br /> All participants were randomised to one of the three groups to learn the morphology of CVJ deformities using 3DP, VR or NP models.<br /><br /> The objective outcomes were evaluated using three-level objective testing. In the first-level test, the participants were required to identify 15 anatomical landmarks on radiographs without CVJ deformities. In the second-level test, all participants were asked to identify the same 15 landmarks on radiographs showing classic CVJ deformities. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/a-769662.html find more] In the third-level test, the participants were required to describe the key features of three classic cases of CVJ deformctive results show that the 3DP model is more effective teaching instrument than the NP model for learning the pathomorphology of CVJ deformities. The VR model also showed great efficacy, second to 3DP model, in improving participants' understanding of CVJ deformities.<br /><br /> The objective of this study was to address the knowledge gap regarding antibiotic use in Medecins Sans Frontiéres (MSF) projects located in Africa by exploring antibiotic prescription and consumption habits and their drivers at different healthcare levels.<br /><br /> This study used an exploratory study design through thematic analysis of semistructured, in-depth interviews, focus group discussions (FGDs) and field observations in order to understand the main drivers influencing current antibiotics prescription habits and consumption habits of patients in different geographical settings.<br /><br /> The study took place in MSF centres and towns across four countries Guinea-Bissau, Central African Republic (CAR), Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and Sudan.<br /><br /> 384 respondents participated in the study, which includes project staff, prescribers, community members, patients, among other groups.<br /><br /> Treatment protocols were physically present in all countries except DRC, but compliance to protocols varied across contexts. A failingates widespread use of antibiotics based on unclear assumptions, which are often influenced by patient demands. There needs to be a broader focus on the balance between access and excess, especially in such fragile contexts where access to healthcare is a real challenge.<br /><br /> To explore and reflect on the current anticoagulation therapy offered to patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), potential challenges and the future vision for oral anticoagulants for patients with AF and healthcare professionals in Ireland.<br /><br /> A multistakeholder focus group using a World Café approach.<br /><br /> Nine participants from academic, clinical and health backgrounds attended the focus group together with a facilitator.<br /><br /> Enhanced patient empowerment; more effective use of technology and developing system-based medical care pathways would provide improved supports for AF management. The challenges in providing these include cost and access issues, the doctor-patient relationship and the provision of education. While consensus for developing evidence-based pathways to maximise efficiency and effectiveness of AF treatment was evident, it would require a shared vision between stakeholders of integrated care. The benefits of embracing technological advances for clinicians and patients were evident; however, clsignificant operationalisation issues and barriers to effective treatment/management persist. The reflections reported in this study are a catalyst for future discussion and research.<br /><br /> In this manuscript, we describe broad trends in postoperative mortality in New Zealand (a country with universal healthcare) for acute and elective/waiting list procedures conducted between 2005 and 2017.<br /><br /> We use high-quality national-level hospitalisation data to compare the risk of postoperative mortality between demographic subgroups after adjusting for key patient-level confounders and mediators. We also present temporal trends and consider how rates in postoperative death following acute and elective/waiting list procedures have changed over this time period.<br /><br /> A total of 1 836 683 unique patients accounted for 3 117 374 admissions in which a procedure was performed under general anaesthetic over the study period. We observed an overall 30-day mortality rate of 0.5 per 100 procedures and a 90-day mortality rate of 0.9 per 100. For acute procedures, we observed a 30-day mortality rate of 1.6 per 100, compared with 0.2 per 100 for elective/waiting list procedures. In terms of procedure specialty, respirn System) was also associated with an increased risk of postoperative death. Encouragingly, it appears that risk of postoperative mortality has declined over the past decade, possibly reflecting improvements in perioperative quality of care; however, this decline did not occur equally across procedure specialties.<br /><br /> Cognitive impairment is known to have a significant impact on the quality of life of individuals and their caregivers, yet it is often underdiagnosed. The objective of this study is to assess the extent of cognitive impairment among elders visiting primary healthcare (PHC) practice settings, to explore associated risk factors and discuss current care challenges for PHC providers.<br /><br /> A cross-sectional study was conducted between March 2013 and May 2014.<br /><br /> Fourteen PHC units located in rural and urban areas of the Heraklion district in Crete, Greece.<br /><br /> Consecutive visitors aged at least 60 years attending selected PHC practices.<br /><br /> The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was used to indicate cognitive status. Associations of low MMSE scores (≤23/24, adjusted for education level) with 12 socio-demographic factors, comorbidities and lifestyle factors were assessed.<br /><br /> A total of 3140 PHC patients met inclusion criteria (43.2% male; mean age 73.7±7.8 years). The average MMSE score was 26.0±3.8; 26.7±3.5 in male and 25.