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The theory of the morphogenic field suggests that chemical signaling is supplemented by electromagnetic signaling governing the structure and shape of tissues, organs and the body. The theory of DNA resonance suggests that the morphogenic field is created by the genomic DNA which sends and receives electromagnetic signals in a sequence-specific manner. Previously, the authors have proposed the existence of HIDERs, genomic elements that serve as antennas in resonance signaling and demonstrated that they occur nonrandomly and are conserved in evolution. Here, it is proposed that longitudinal hydrogen bonds exist in the double helix, that chains of these bonds form delocalized proton clouds, that the shapes of these clouds are sequence-specific and form the basis of sequence-specificity of resonance between HIDERs. Based on longitudinal hydrogen bonds, a proton DNA resonance code was devised and used to identify HIDERs which are enriched 20 fold in the genome and conserved in evolution. It was suggested that these HIDERs are the key elements responsible for DNA resonance signaling and the formation of the morphogenic field.<br /><br /> Psychosocial functioning is a key factor determining prognosis, severity, impairment and quality of life in people who have a mental disorder. The mini-ICF-APP was developed to provide a standardised classification of functioning and disability. However, despite its gaining popularity little is known about its structure and performance. This paper examines the structure of the mini-ICF-APP using factor analysis techniques.<br /><br /> In a clinical sample of 3178 patients, with psychiatric diagnoses from several ICD-10 categories, we analysed internal consistency, item inter-correlations and the factorial structure of the data, with reference to ICD-10 diagnostic categories; Neurocognitive Disorders; Alcohol Use Disorders; Substance Use Disorders; Schizophrenia and Psychotic Disorders; Bipolar Disorder; Major Depressive Disorder; Anxiety Disorders; Personality Disorders; and Neurodevelopmental Disorders.<br /><br /> We found good internal consistency and item inter-correlations (Cronbach alpha=0.92) for the mini-ICF-APP. We weor model demonstrates better fit regardless of diagnostic category. Consequently, we consider the mini-ICF-APP to be a trans-diagnostic measurement instrument for the assessment and grading of psychosocial functioning. The use of the mini-ICF-APP sum score seems to best reflect the degree of impairment in an individual, even taking into account that affected domains may lead to sub-threshold effects on other domains.<br /><br /> /Objective Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver disease, and effective treatments are lacking. Bariatric surgery, including sleeve gastrectomy (SG), is a potential therapeutic strategy for NAFLD, but the molecular mechanisms underlying its effects are not fully understood. In this study, the effects of SG and the underlying mechanisms were evaluated in a mouse model of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD.<br /><br /> C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups normal diet with sham operation (NC-Sham group), HFD with sham operation (HFD-Sham group), and HFD with sleeve gastrectomy (HFD-SG group). Glucose metabolism and fat accumulation in the body and liver were analyzed before and after SG. Lipid metabolism and inflammation in the liver were evaluated. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels as well as nicotinamide riboside kinase (NRK1) and Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) expression levels were evaluated.<br /><br /> SG attenuated the HFD-induced increases in glucose and insulin levels, fat accumulation, and lipid droplet accumulation. Fatty acid biosynthesis, the expression of the metabolism-related genes ACC1, FASN, SCD1, and DGAT1, and the levels of inflammatory factors were higher in HFD mice than in NC mice and decreased after SG. NAD+concentrations were 54.9±13.4μmol/mg in NC-Sham mice, 37.6±8.1μmol/mg in HFD-Sham mice, and 79.9±13.0μmol/mg in HFD-SG mice (p&lt;0.05). NRK1 and SIRT1 expression increased dramatically after SG at both the RNA and protein levels.<br /><br /> SG significantly alleviated NAFLD in HFD-induced obese mice with increasing the hepatic NAD+levels and upregulating the NRK1/NAD+/SIRT1 pathway.<br /><br />SG significantly alleviated NAFLD in HFD-induced obese mice with increasing the hepatic NAD + levels and upregulating the NRK1/NAD+/SIRT1 pathway.<br /><br /> Re-staging of locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT) is a crucial step in surgical decision-making. Currently, MRI is the imaging of choice for evaluation of LARCs, however, the diagnostic accuracy of this modality is inconsistent. In this study, we evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of MRI in LARC and analyzed the factors that influenced the accuracy.<br /><br /> The records of 133 patients diagnosed with LARC who were operated on during 2011-2018 were retrospectively reviewed. All patients received NCRT followed by re-staging based on high-resolution rectal MRI. The MRI results were analyzed for their yT and yN accuracy and anal sphincter involvement and compared with the related histopathological studies after definitive surgery.<br /><br /> Re-staging MRIs gave overall accuracy in both the yT stage and yN evaluation of 85% (K 0.45 and 0.21, respectively). The MRI tended to overstaging for tumor invasion and understaging for lymph node involvement (sign test p-values=0.017 and 0.022, respectively.) The highest accuracy of the yT stage was yT4b (93%, K 0.71). The study found that larger tumors (&gt;3cm) were associated with significantly higher accuracy in the yT readings while lack of lymphovascular invasion was associated with higher accuracy in the yN readings. The negative predictive value for anal sphincter involvement was 100%.<br /><br /> MRI has limited accuracy in post-NCRT re-staging in LARC, tending to give overstaged yT readings and understaged yN readings. An MRI exclusion of sphincteric involvement is highly reliable.<br /><br />MRI has limited accuracy in post-NCRT re-staging in LARC, tending to give overstaged yT readings and understaged yN readings. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/MG132.html see more] An MRI exclusion of sphincteric involvement is highly reliable.