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On the basis of the analysis of the kinetic data and temporal behavior of the evolved gases, a similar primary decomposition channel, the homolytic cleavage of a C-NO2 bond, has been proposed for all investigated substances.CdSe single crystals (SCs), with a relatively high atomic number, large X-ray absorption coefficients, and high carrier mobility, are expected to provide high-performance detection for X-ray. However, the difficulty of growing high-quality CdSe SC has severely limited its application in X-ray detection. In this work, we develop an unconstrained physical gas phase method and in situ annealing process to grow high-quality CdSe SCs under unconstrained conditions. Using this method, CdSe SCs exhibit natural exposure planes, ultrahigh resistivity of 5.43 × 1012 to 1.29 × 1013 Ω cm and high μτ product of 1.3 × 10-2 to 1.5 × 10-2 cm2 V-1. It is also observed that CdSe SC X-ray detectors exhibit a record sensitivity of 2.08 × 105 μC Gyair-1 cm-2 and a low detection limit of 85 nGyair s-1, which are both desired in medical diagnostics. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ly2780301.html https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ly2780301.html] Moreover, those devices with different crystal directions provide anisotropic X-ray detection performance. Our findings pave a new avenue to exploit high-performance CdSe SC X-ray detectors.Light-duty vehicles emit ∼20% of net US greenhouse gases. Deployment of electric vehicles (EVs) can reduce these emissions. The magnitude of the reduction depends significantly on EV charging patterns and hourly power grid variations. Previous US EV studies either do not use hourly grid data, or use data from 2012 or earlier. Since 2012, US grids have undergone major emission-relevant changes, including growth of solar from ∼1 to ∼20% of generation in California, and &gt;30% reduction of coal power countrywide. This study uses hourly grid data from 2018 and 2019 (alongside hourly charging, driving, and temperature data) to estimate EV use emissions in 60 cases spanning the US. The emission impact of charging pattern varies by region. In California and New York, respectively, overnight EV charging produces ∼70% more and ∼20% fewer emissions than daytime charging. We quantify error from two common approximations in EV emission analysis, ignoring hourly variation in grid power and ignoring temperature-driven variation in fuel economy. The combined error exceeds 10% in 30% of cases, and reaches 50% in California, home to half of US EVs. A novel EV emission approximation is introduced, validated ( less then 1% error), and used to estimate EV emissions in future scenarios.We report a prodrug, Glu-DAPPD, to overcome the shortcomings of an anti-neuroinflammatory molecule, N,N'-diacetyl-p-phenylenediamine (DAPPD), in biological applicability for potential therapeutic applications. We suspect that Glu-DAPPD can release DAPPD through endogenous enzymatic bioconversion. Consequently, Glu-DAPPD exhibits in vivo efficacies in alleviating neuroinflammation, reducing amyloid-β aggregate accumulation, and improving cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease transgenic mice. Our studies demonstrate that the prodrug approach is suitable and effective toward developing drug candidates against neurodegeneration.The last two decades have seen great advancements in fundamental understanding and applications of metallic nanoparticles stabilized by mixed-ligand monolayers. Identifying and controlling the organization of multiple ligands in the nanoparticle monolayer has been studied, and its effect on particle properties has been examined. Mixed-ligand protected particles have shown advantages over monoligand protected particles in fields such as catalysis, self-assembly, imaging, and drug delivery. In this Review, the use of mixed-ligand monolayer protected nanoparticles for sensing applications will be examined. This is the first time this subject is examined as a whole. Mixed-ligand nanoparticle-based sensors are revealed to be divided into four groups, each of which will be discussed. The first group consists of ligands that work cooperatively to improve the sensors' properties. In the second group, multiple ligands are utilized for sensing multiple analytes. The third group combines ligands used for analyte recognition and signal production. In the final group, a sensitive, but unstable, functional ligand is combined with a stabilizing ligand. The Review will conclude by discussing future challenges and potential research directions for this promising subject.Two-dimensional hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites (2D-HOIPs) that form natural multiple quantum wells have attracted increased research interest due to their interesting physics and potential applications in optoelectronic devices. Recent studies have shown that spintronics applications can also be introduced to 2D-HOIPs upon integrating chiral organic ligands into the organic layers. Here we report spin-dependent photovoltaic and photogalvanic responses of optoelectronic devices based on chiral 2D-HOIPs, namely, (R-MBA)2PbI4 and (S-MBA)2PbI4. The out-of-plane photocurrent response in vertical photovoltaic devices exhibits ∼10% difference upon right and left circularly polarized light (CPL) excitation, which originates from selective spin transport through the chiral multilayers. In contrast, the in-plane photocurrent response generated by CPL excitation of planar photoconductive devices shows a typical response of chirality-induced circular photogalvanic effect that originates from the Rashba splitting in the electronic bands of these compounds. Our studies may lead to potential applications of chiral 2D-HOIPs in optoelectronic devices that are sensitive to the light helicity.A series of phenylpyridine (ppy)-based 6/5/5 N*C^N^O and biphenyl (bp)-based 6/5/6 N*C^C*N Pt(II) complexes employing tetradentate ligands with nitrogen or oxygen atoms as bridging groups have been developed. Ligand structural modifications have great influences on the electrochemical, photophysical, and excited-state properties, as well as photostabilities of the Pt(II) complexes, which were systematically studied by experimental and theoretical investigations. The time-dependent density functional theory calculations and natural transition orbital analyses reveal that Pt(bp-6), Pt(bp-7), and Pt(bp-8) have dominant ligand-centered (3LC) mixed with small metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (3MLCT) characters in T1 states, resulting in relatively low quantum efficiencies (ΦPL) of 5-33% and 12-32% in dichloromethane solution and PMMA film, respectively. By contrast, Pt(ppy-1) possesses much more 3MLCT character in the T1 state, enabling a high ΦPL of 95% in dichloromethane and 90% in DPEPO film, and large radiative decay rates.