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Background. Nonuse (NU) after stroke is characterized by failure to use the contralesional arm despite adequate capacity. It has been suggested that NU is a consequence of the greater effort and/or attention required to use the affected limb, but such accounts have not been directly tested, and we have poor understanding of the predictors of NU. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/nsc697923.html buy NSC697923] Objective. We aimed to provide preliminary evidence regarding demographic, neuropsychological (ie, apraxia, attention/arousal, neglect), and psychological (ie, self-efficacy) factors that may influence NU in chronic stroke. Methods. Twenty chronic stroke survivors with mild to moderate sensory-motor impairment characterized by the Upper-Extremity Fugl-Meyer (UEFM) were assessed for NU with a modified version of the Actual Amount of Use Test (AAUT), which measures the disparity between amount of use in spontaneous versus forced conditions. Participants were also assessed with measures of limb apraxia, spatial neglect, attention/arousal, and self-efficacy. Using stepwise multiple regression, we determined which variables predicted AAUT NU scores. Results. Scores on the UEFM as well as attention/arousal predicted the degree of NU (P less then .05). Attention/arousal predicted NU above and beyond UEFM (P less then .05). Conclusions. The results are consistent with the importance of attention and engagement necessary to fully incorporate the paretic limb into daily activities. Larger-scale studies that include additional behavioral (eg, sensation, proprioception, spasticity, pain, mental health, motivation) and neuroanatomical measures (eg, lesion volume and white matter connectivity) will be important for future investigations.Exposure of wildlife and domestic animals to anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs) is a worldwide concern, but few methods exist to determine residue levels in live animals. Traditional liver detection methods preclude determining exposure in live wildlife. To determine the value of assessing AR exposure by fecal analysis, we compared fecal and liver residues of ARs in the same animals. We collected liver and fecal samples from 40 apparently healthy red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) potentially exposed to ARs, and quantified brodifacoum, bromadiolone, coumatetralyl, difenacoum, difethialone, and flocoumafen residues by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Residues of ARs were detected in 53% of the fecal samples and 83% of the liver samples. We found good concordance between AR residues in feces and liver for coumatetralyl, difenacoum, and difethialone. Bromadiolone occurred in significantly greater frequency in livers compared to feces, but no significant difference in concentration between feces and liver in individual foxes could be detected. Brodifacoum displayed a significant difference in concentration and occurrence of positive samples between liver and feces. Our findings demonstrate that fecal analysis of ARs provides a feasible and valuable non-lethal means of determine AR exposure in live wildlife.What services are available and where racial and ethnic minorities receive long-term services and supports (LTSS) have resulted in a lower quality of care and life for racial/ethnic minority users. These disparities are only likely to worsen during the COVID-19 pandemic, as the pandemic has disproportionately affected racial and ethnic minority communities both in the rate of infection and virus-related mortality. By examining these disparities in the context of the pandemic, we bring to light the challenges and issues faced in LTSS by minority communities with regard to this virus as well as the disparities in LTSS that have always existed.Objective To collect figures on the numbers of children and adults receiving cochlear implants across Europe, compare the figures for 2016 with those for 2010, and identify any trends.Materials and methods In 2018 EURO-CIU invited their 23 member countries to conduct a survey collecting data on the number of CI recipients in 2016 and 2017. Data were received from 15 countries, representing more than 100 000 CI recipients in Europe.Results For paediatric CI, there was an increase in nearly all European countries (except Denmark, the UK and Luxembourg) between 2010 and 2016. We found an annual figure of one CI per 1000 newborns common in most countries where reimbursement of paediatric CI's is available. Conversely the adult data reveals no increase between 2010 and 2016 and the data is less homogeneous than the paediatric data with huge differences across countries.Conclusion There is little agreement on data on numbers of CI across Europe, which makes it difficult to plan public health policy, funding or services. In all European countries included in this study (except Germany) there needs to be work on raising more awareness of adult hearing loss and adult cochlear implantation to improve access.Positive doctor-patient relationships have been noted to be possible facilitators in the identification of elder abuse. A case from family practice is cited in which an enduring and well-appreciated relationship unintentionally set up potential for mistreatment. Considerations to factors beyond traditional elder abuse risk factors should be kept in mind.Different approaches are used for integration of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services at the primary health care (PHC) level, aiming at providing comprehensive services leaving no one behind. This paper aims to assess gaps in the delivery of SRH in PHC services, identifying challenges and proposing action towards universal health coverage in Arab countries. The United Nations Population Fund - Arab States Regional Office (UNFPA/ASRO), in partnership with Middle East and North Africa Health Policy Forum (HPF), launched an assessment of integration of SRH into PHC in 11 Arab countries in 2017-2018. Desk reviews were conducted, using published programme reports and national statistics. Data from country reports were compiled to present a regional assessment, challenges and recommendations. SRH services are partially integrated in PHC. Family planning is part of PHC in all countries except Libya, where only counselling is provided. Only Morocco, Tunisia and Oman provide comprehensive HIV services at PHC level.