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Polysubstituted bicyclic acetals are a class of privileged pharmacophores with a unique 3D structure and an adjacent pair of hydrogen bond acceptors. The key, fused acetal functionality is often assembled, via intramolecular cyclization, from linear substrates that are not readily available. Herein, we report a formal cycloaddition between cinnamyl alcohols and cyclic enol ethers under ambient photoredox catalysis conditions. Polysubstituted bicyclic acetals can be prepared in one step from readily available building blocks. Employment of sugar-derived enol ethers allows easy access to a library of scaffolds with intriguing conformation and medicinal chemistry potential.The development of more reactive, general, easily accessible, and readily available Pd(II)-NHC precatalysts remains a key challenge in homogeneous catalysis. In this study, we establish air-stable NHC-Pd(II) chloro-dimers, [Pd(NHC)(μ-Cl)Cl]2, as the most reactive Pd(II)-NHC catalysts developed to date. Most crucially, compared with [Pd(NHC)(allyl)Cl] complexes, replacement of the allyl throw-away ligand with chloride allows for a more facile activation step, while effectively preventing the formation of off-cycle [Pd2(μ-allyl)(μ-Cl)(NHC)2] products. The utility is demonstrated via broad compatibility with amide cross-coupling, Suzuki cross-coupling, and the direct, late-stage functionalization of pharmaceuticals. Computational studies provide key insight into the NHC-Pd(II) chloro-dimer activation pathway. A facile synthesis of NHC-Pd(II) chloro-dimers in one-pot from NHC salts is reported. Considering the tremendous utility of Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions and the overwhelming success of [Pd(NHC)(allyl)Cl] precatalysts, we believe that NHC-Pd(II) chloro-dimers, [Pd(NHC)(μ-Cl)Cl]2, should be considered as go-to precatalysts of choice in cross-coupling processes.<br /><br /> Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an emerging opportunistic pathogen. The increasing incidence is of particular concern in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Since 2012, the Western France has witnessed high annual prevalence of S.maltophilia colonization/infection. This retrospective cohort study investigated the epidemiology of S.maltophilia emergence in the CF center of Roscoff, Western France, a region of high prevalence of CF in Europe.<br /><br /> All CF patients with S.maltophilia isolated in respiratory samples between December 2013 and February 2017 were included. For each patient the colonization status with S.maltophilia was determined. The epidemiological and microbiological characteristics collected were compared between colonization statuses.<br /><br /> S.maltophilia was isolated in 90 patients (42 males, 48 females). Mean age at first colonization was 24.4±13.5 years. Annual prevalence since 2013 was high (16-17.9%), but stable. This high prevalence is mainly due to a high rate of intermittent colonization. Only 2.8% of CF patients showed chronic colonization, with significantly more frequent co-colonization by methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (P&lt;0.0001) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P&lt;0.05). During chronic colonization, S.maltophilia acquired resistance to cotrimoxazole and β-lactams. Interestingly, there were cases of decolonization.<br /><br /> This is the first epidemiological report of S.maltophilia in a French CF center. Prevalence was stable but above the national average. Most cases were intermittent; chronic colonization was rare.<br /><br />This is the first epidemiological report of S. maltophilia in a French CF center. Prevalence was stable but above the national average. Most cases were intermittent; chronic colonization was rare.<br /><br /> The interest about audiovestibular symptoms in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) is recently growing. However, these symptoms can be often underestimated by patients. We aim to evaluate the presence of audiovestibular symptoms in patients with MS as reported by themselves and correlate these symptoms with the different phases of MS. Audiovestibular symptoms, if correlated with relapsing phase could be an indicator of disease progression.<br /><br /> In this prospective study 80 patients with MS were screened for the presence of audiovestibular symptoms, during their first neurological consultation, using a self-administered questionnaire developed by our research team. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans were performed within a week from the consultation and were compared with scan performed 12-month before, looking for the presence of new active lesions or enlargement of the ones already present. Data on the year of diagnosis, symptom onset, treatment history and expanded disability status scale (EDSS) were crise in the relapsing phases of MS and their presence may be correlated with an active lesion in the brain. The self-administered questionnaire can be useful both for patients and physicians, to early identify the presence of audiovestibular symptoms that might be related to the progression of the disease.<br /><br />Audio-vestibular symptoms can arise in the relapsing phases of MS and their presence may be correlated with an active lesion in the brain. The self-administered questionnaire can be useful both for patients and physicians, to early identify the presence of audiovestibular symptoms that might be related to the progression of the disease.P-ATPase are a large protein family of integral membrane, playing an important role in plant growth, development and stress. P-ATPase genes family have been identified and characterized in several model plants such as cotton, grapes, tobacco, rice, rubber plant and Arabidopsis. However, still lack of comprehensive study of P-ATPase genes in Chinese pear (Pyrus bretschneideri). A systematic analysis was performed and identified 30 P-ATPase genes from the pear genome to evaluate the qualities and diversity of P-ATPase proteins. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using A. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/NVP-AEW541.html selleck compound] thaliana P-ATPase genes as a model, allowing us to categorize into 4 subfamilies (PbHMA, PbECA, PbACA, and PbAHA) and two subfamilies (ALA and P5) is absent in pear. Even Within the same subclade, P-ATPase genes also shows the similar exon-intron structure and conserved motif structure. Continuing chromosomal localization analysis showed that 23 P-ATPase genes were distributed among 13 chromosome and 7 gene on the scaffold of pear. Promoter regions of P-ATPase genes revealed that several cis-acting elements were involved in plant growth/development, stress responses as well as hormone responses.