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However, an I106G/F276W mutant preferred not only DMAPP but also all-trans-oligoprenyl diphosphates, with 15-fold higher catalytic efficiency than WT. Surprisingly, the mutant synthesized longer polyisoprenoids (~C50 ). Furthermore, one of the helix domains that constitute the hydrophobic cleft for accommodating elongating prenyl chains was also demonstrated to be critical in primer substrate preference. An NDPS1 I106G/F276W mutant with a chimeric helix domain swapped with that of a medium-chain cPT synthesizing C50-60 polyisoprenoids showed over 94-fold increase in catalytic efficiency for all primer substrates tested, resulting in longer products (~C70 ). These NDPS1 mutants could be used in the enzymatic synthesis of nonnatural all-cis-polyisoprenoids.<br /><br /> There is limited research available about men working in the profession of dental hygiene. The purpose of this study was to explore the characteristics and experiences of men in dental hygiene.<br /><br /> Cross-sectional survey research was conducted with a purposive sample of male dental hygienists (n=288). Participants were recruited via social media and snowball sampling. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/adaptaquin.html selleckchem] The survey was developed based on nursing literature and validated with a panel of experts with a final S-CVI of 98.5%. Descriptive statistics and correlations were used for data analysis.<br /><br /> The completion rate was 80.9% (n=233). Results revealed participants were more likely to be White (59.7%), hold an associate's entry-level dental hygiene degree (60.9%) and work in a private practice dental setting (73.4%). Sixty-one per cent reported full-time employment, and 50% was satisfied or very satisfied with benefits offered by their place of employment. All three sources of gender discrimination (patients, co-workers and employers) were related to experiencing a desire to leave the field. Experiencing gender discrimination from patients indicated a higher likelihood of desire to leave the field (49%) comparatively (33%), χ<br /><br /> =5.94, p=0.02. Half of the respondents reported (56.7%) patients had refused to see them based on their gender.<br /><br /> This research provides a snapshot of demographics and professional characteristics of male dental hygienists. Gender discrimination from patients emerged as an area that needs to be addressed in practice settings. It will be important to identify ways to make the profession more inviting to encourage men to join the profession.<br /><br />This research provides a snapshot of demographics and professional characteristics of male dental hygienists. Gender discrimination from patients emerged as an area that needs to be addressed in practice settings. It will be important to identify ways to make the profession more inviting to encourage men to join the profession.<br /><br /> The purpose of this on-premise study was to determine if mixing alcohol with caffeinated mixers had an impact on objective and subjective intoxication.<br /><br /> The study was conducted across eight drinking occasions in the City of Bristol, UK. Participants (N=1041) were recruited outside popular night-time entertainment venues and interviewed regarding their alcohol consumption for that particular evening, including whether or not they had consumed caffeinated beverages with alcohol. Subjective intoxication was rated on an 11-point scale and objective intoxication determined with a breath alcohol test. Depending on their consumption on the night of the interview, participants also reported whether they consumed alcohol mixed with caffeinated mixers or alcohol-only on other consumption occasions.<br /><br /> Between-subjects analyses found that alcohol-caffeine consumers consumed more alcohol and had higher objective and subjective intoxication than those who consumed alcohol-only. These results remained significant regardless of whether or not they mixed alcohol with caffeinated mixers or consumed alcohol-only on the night of the interview. Within-subject analyses revealed that alcohol-caffeine consumers drank the same or less alcohol on alcohol-caffeine occasions compared to alcohol-only occasions.<br /><br /> These findings provide support that alcohol-caffeine use does not increase overall alcohol consumption, and may be one manifestation of a high risk-taking personality.<br /><br />These findings provide support that alcohol-caffeine use does not increase overall alcohol consumption, and may be one manifestation of a high risk-taking personality.<br /><br /> Clinical management of follicular neoplasms (FNs) using molecular testing of thyroid-aspirated materials is not routinely performed in Japan. This article aims to identify low-risk FN nodules that can be followed up without molecular testing.<br /><br /> The relationship between preoperative findings, factors influencing surgical decision, and the risk of malignancy (ROM) was examined in 356 thyroid nodules with cytological diagnosis of FN at Kuma Hospital from January to December 2020.<br /><br /> ROMs of FN with cytology results favouring malignancy (41.2%) were significantly higher than those favouring benign (7.7%) or borderline (8.2%) (p &lt; .001). Moreover, ROMs of FN with ultrasonography results of high suspicion (54.5%) were significantly higher than those with low (4.5%) or intermediate suspicion (0%) (p &lt; .0001). There was a large difference in overall ROM in tumours bordering 30 mm in size (&lt;30 mm; 3.6%, ≥30 mm; 20.0%). ROMs of FNs with a tumour volume doubling rate (TVDR) of 1.0/year or more (28.6%) were higher than those of FNs with a lower TVDR (9.9%) (p &lt; .05). The ROMs of FNs with or without one or more of the following four findings suggestive of malignancy cytological findings favouring malignancy, ultrasonography findings of high suspicion, tumour size ≥30 mm, and TV-DR ≥1.0/year, were 14.6% and 1.0%, respectively.<br /><br /> FNs with no cytological findings favouring malignancy, no ultrasonography findings of high suspicion, tumour size &lt;30 mm and TV-DR &lt;1.0/year, are considered low risk and can be followed up without the need for molecular testing.<br /><br />FNs with no cytological findings favouring malignancy, no ultrasonography findings of high suspicion, tumour size less then 30 mm and TV-DR less then 1.0/year, are considered low risk and can be followed up without the need for molecular testing.<br /><br /> Fiducial marker-based image-to-patient registration is the most common way in image-guided neurosurgery, which is labour-intensive, time consuming, invasive and error prone.<br /><br /> We proposed a method of facial landmark-guided surface matching for image-to-patient registration using an RGB-D camera. Five facial landmarks are localised from preoperative magnetic resonance (MR) images using deep learning and RGB image using Adaboost with multi-scale block local binary patterns, respectively. The registration of two facial surface point clouds derived from MR images and RGB-D data is initialised by aligning these five landmarks and further refined by weighted iterative closest point algorithm.<br /><br /> Phantom experiment results show the target registration error is less than 3mm when the distance from the camera to the phantom is less than 1000mm. The registration takes less than 10s.<br /><br /> The proposed method is comparable to the state-of-the-arts in terms of the accuracy yet more time-saving and non-invasive.<br /><br />The proposed method is comparable to the state-of-the-arts in terms of the accuracy yet more time-saving and non-invasive.<br /><br /> Here, we describe a step-by-step standardized technique for tailgut cyst resection using a single-docking robotic approach.<br /><br /> Each step of the technique is illustrated using a composite collection of four operative patient videos to demonstrate the advantages and feasibility of this technique. The robot platform utilised is Da Vinci Xi.<br /><br /> Five female patients have undergone this operation in our unit. The size of tumours ranged from 12 to 45mm. Median operating time was 100min (range 90-150). Mean blood loss in all the patients was less than 50ml. There were no major intraoperative complications. One patient had a postoperative presacral collection which required radiological drainage. Length of stay in all patients was oneday.<br /><br /> This technique using a single-docking robotic approach appears safe and feasible. The robotic approach results in improved dexterity and more accurate dissection, better retraction and excellent vision which improves the ease of operating in the pelvis. Therefore, this approach can be replicated for use in a wide variety of patients with tailgut cysts.<br /><br />This technique using a single-docking robotic approach appears safe and feasible. The robotic approach results in improved dexterity and more accurate dissection, better retraction and excellent vision which improves the ease of operating in the pelvis. Therefore, this approach can be replicated for use in a wide variety of patients with tailgut cysts.<br /><br /> Wearing appropriate active prosthesis is the guarantee of daily life for amputees. Normally the controller of the traditional active transfemoral prosthesis is designed based on the mathematical model. The modelling error and the external interference will reduce the control accuracy of the system and make the prosthesis unable to operate in the desired trajectory.<br /><br /> Firstly, combined with time delay estimation (TDE), a model-free robust integral sliding mode impedance controller is designed. This method not only suppress the impedance error, but also eliminate the nonlinear relationship and disturbance in the dynamic model. Secondly, an adaptive law is proposed to update the controller gain, which provide stable control effect. Thirdly, the stability of prosthesis closed-loop system is proved by Lyapunov stability theory. Finally, the motor torque is used to drive each joint, and Matlab/Simscape is used to verify the prosthesis control system.<br /><br /> From the result of the simulation experiment, the control method has a good tracking effect on each joint. The root mean square error and mean absolute errors of each joint's angle tracking error are 0.6123°, 1.9976°, 0.5574° and 0.2635°, 1.8175°, 0.4796°. Compared with the controller without adaptive gain and impedance control, the control effect is improved, and the plantar pressure of amputees is closer to the sound side.<br /><br /> Comparing the results of different controllers, the adaptive integral sliding mode impedance controller with TDE can better track the expected angles of each joint. The gait is more normal. The walking performance of the prosthesis wearers is improved.<br /><br />Comparing the results of different controllers, the adaptive integral sliding mode impedance controller with TDE can better track the expected angles of each joint. The gait is more normal. The walking performance of the prosthesis wearers is improved.<br /><br /> Children with excess weight may be more predisposed to traumatic dental injuries (TDI). The aim of this study was to investigate the association between overweight/obesity and TDI presence and severity in Brazilian preschool children.<br /><br /> A cross-sectional study was conducted of 347 children aged three to five years. The main exposure was evaluated based on the body mass index (BMI). Socioeconomic-demographic characteristics and harmful oral habits were investigated using a questionnaire sent to the parents/guardians. Oral clinical examinations were performed to determine overjet (criteria proposed by Foster and Hamilton), and the presence and severity of TDI (criteria proposed by Andreassen). Descriptive statistics were performed. Univariate and multivariate Poisson regression analyses were conducted for each outcome.<br /><br /> The prevalence of TDI in the sample was 41.5% and 16% of the children had enamel and dentin fractures. In the multivariate analysis, BMI and overjet were associated with the presence and severity of TDI (PR 2.