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The involved shoulder showed a statistically significant decrease in mean active global shoulder elevation (117.4° vs. 176.1°), SHABD (14.6° vs. 41.5°), cross-body adduction (43° vs. 71.3°), and internal rotation in abduction (17.8° vs. 49.4°), all at <br /><br /> &lt; .001. Strong inverse correlations were noted between Cavendish grade and both global shoulder elevation (<br /><br /> ,-0.784) and SHABD (<br /><br /> ,-0.669). Cavendish grade IV patients showed a mean decrease of 45° (range, 40°-60°) of SHABD.<br /><br /> Shoulder elevation is also impaired by GH joint contractures.<br /><br />Shoulder elevation is also impaired by GH joint contractures.<br /><br /> The pattern of transcondylar fracture of the humerus is unique and the incidence rate is very low. Stable internal fixation may be difficult to achieve, and complications have been reported at a higher rate. The purpose was to report the outcomes of open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) for transcondylar fractures of the humerus.<br /><br /> Seventeen patients were included between January 2014 and December 2017. ORIF was performed using anatomic distal humerus plates. Results were evaluated by range of motion, Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS), and complications. We analyzed the results according to ulnar nerve transposition status and fixation pattern.<br /><br /> The mean range of elbow motion was 117° flexion and 20° extension. The MEPS was excellent in 12, good in 3, fair in 1, and poor in 1. There were in total 5 cases of complications among 17 patients 1 with nonunion, 1 with ulnar neuropathy, 2 with delayed union, and 1 with heterotopic ossification. The results according to ulna nerve transposition and fixation pattern showed no difference.<br /><br /> For reliable and good results, rigid fixation using anatomic plates and appropriate immobilization of the fracture site are key factors in the treatment. In our case series, the overall outcome was good and there were 2 major complications. The ORIF using anatomic plates can be a reliable treatment option for transcondylar humeral fractures.<br /><br />For reliable and good results, rigid fixation using anatomic plates and appropriate immobilization of the fracture site are key factors in the treatment. In our case series, the overall outcome was good and there were 2 major complications. The ORIF using anatomic plates can be a reliable treatment option for transcondylar humeral fractures.Olecranon fractures, which make up 10% of upper extremity fractures in adults, often require anatomic reduction and stable internal fixation. Successful olecranon fracture osteosynthesis has classically been achieved via tension band wiring or plate fixation. This article reviews the indications, outcomes, and a surgical technique as an alternative construct for tension band wiring of olecranon fractures. The technique involves placement of an ulnar intramedullary partially threaded screw that is used as a proximal point of attachment for tension band wiring of the olecranon. Although infrequently used by orthopedic surgeons, this construct has been shown to be biomechanically and clinically superior to classic Kirschner wire tension banding techniques. This review is intended to familiarize surgeons with a surgical technique that can be applied to a variety of proximal ulna fractures.<br /><br /> is the primary cause of shoulder surgery infections, but the predisposition to larger skin counts and potentially higher risk for postoperative infection remains unclear. This study aimed to quantify risk factors influencing endogenous <br /><br /> burden and to compare counts among 4 shoulder sites.<br /><br /> counts were quantified via a detergent scrub technique for 173 participants. Bivariate and multivariable stepwise linear regression statistical analyses were used to investigate the association of sex, age, ethnicity, degree of hirsutism, diabetes, smoking status, body mass index, and location with counts. A separate Wilcoxon rank-sum test was performed analyzing counts of East/Southeast Asians vs. all other ethnicities.<br /><br /> Sex, age, degree of hirsutism, diabetes, smoking status, and body mass index were included in the multivariable stepwise linear regression analysis. The multiple regression analysis isolated individuals &lt;40 years with the highest burden (<br /><br /> = .001). Males had a 191% increase in <br /><br /> counts compared with females (<br /><br /> = .001). [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/lxh254.html learn more] Increased hirsutism was further indicated to be a risk factor for the male sex although not in a dose-dependent manner (<br /><br /> = .027). Wilcoxon rank-sum test results found that East/Southeast Asians had the lowest load (<br /><br /> = .019), although not significant in the multivariate model.<br /><br /> Surgical site <br /><br /> infections occur more frequently in younger males, and males &lt;40 years with shoulder-specific hirsutism have the highest preoperative burden. East/Southeast Asians have lower raw counts of <br /><br /> compared with other ethnicities that may be related to less hirsutism.<br /><br />Surgical site C. acnes infections occur more frequently in younger males, and males less then 40 years with shoulder-specific hirsutism have the highest preoperative burden. East/Southeast Asians have lower raw counts of C. acnes compared with other ethnicities that may be related to less hirsutism.<br /><br /> Precise anatomic reconstruction of the proximal humerus is essential to a favorable outcome of total shoulder arthroplasty. Because of the wide variation in the geometric features of the proximal humerus, prosthetic designs incorporating these disparities are being developed.<br /><br /> The aim of this study is to use data obtained from cadavers and computed tomographic scans to investigate the 3-dimensional morphometric parameters of the proximal humerus of South African and Swiss samples and make an interpopulation comparison. In addition, the study combines the interarticular variations between populations with the differences in sex and shoulder sides. With the aid of medical imaging techniques and engineering design tools, various geometric features were measured.<br /><br /> The results obtained from these analyses revealed several differences in sex and shoulder sides. On average, the Swiss were larger in most of the measured parameters than the South Africans. The male shoulders of Swiss and South Africans were observed to significantly vary in 4 of the parameters measured.