Zobrazení zdroje stránky Nieveswalls1282

BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that older people can experience a considerable change in their physical performance (PP) over time. OBJECTIVES To identify PP trajectories and their association with mortality among nursing home residents who were followed up for 3&nbsp;years. DESIGN Three-year longitudinal observational study. SETTING Subjects of the SENIOR cohort. SUBJECTS Six hundred and four nursing home residents with a mean age of 82.9 ± 9.1&nbsp;years. METHODS Baseline characteristics and the date of death were collected from the medical records. PP was assessed annually by the short physical performance battery (SPPB) test. Multiple imputations were performed to manage the missing data. PP trajectory groups were estimated using latent growth curve analysis. Cox proportional hazard regression models were applied to examine the risk of mortality according to the PP trajectory groups. RESULTS Three PP trajectory groups were identified slow decline (N = 96), moderate decline (N = 234) and fast decline (N = 274). After adjustments for potential confounding variables and the baseline SPPB scores, the residents in the fast decline and moderate decline trajectory groups had an increased risk of mortality compared to those in the slow decline trajectory group, with hazard ratio values of 1.78 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.34-2.26) and 1.37 (95% CI = 1.10-1.66), respectively. CONCLUSIONS PP trajectories provide value-added information to baseline geriatric assessments and could be used for predicting 3-year mortality among nursing home residents. It may be important to regularly monitor the SPPB score and signal an alert when a fast decline in PP is detected in older people. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Geriatrics Society. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email journals.permissions@oup.com.BACKGROUND AND AIMS Patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) require rapid and complete relief of symptoms, particularly stool frequency and rectal bleeding. The aim of this study was to determine time to symptom resolution in patients with UC during induction treatment with multimatrix mesalazine and the proportion of patients remaining symptom-free and in endoscopic remission after 12 months of maintenance. METHODS A pooled analysis of five pivotal clinical trials (ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers NCT00503243, NCT00548574, NCT00151944, NCT00446849, NCT01124149) including &gt;1300 patients evaluating multimatrix mesalazine for treatment of mild-to-moderate active UC was conducted. Time to symptom resolution was defined as the period between first drug dosage date and first 3 consecutive days of induction therapy when the patient achieved a score of 0 (normal) on a modified UC Disease Activity Index for stool frequency and/or rectal bleeding. RESULTS Median (95% confidence interval) time to resolution of stool frequency was 52 (45, not estimable [NE]) days for placebo versus 38 (34-41) days for multimatrix mesalazine (combined dose groups, 2.4 or 4.8 g/day); time to resolution of rectal bleeding was 35 (20, NE) days for placebo versus 15 (14-17) days for multimatrix mesalazine (combined dose groups). Among those who achieved resolution of both stool frequency and rectal bleeding during induction, 67.4% maintained symptom scores of 0 at Month 12. No relationship was observed between rapidity of symptom resolution during induction treatment and achievement of endoscopic remission at Month 12. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/bay-1217389.html find more] CONCLUSIONS Induction with multimatrix mesalazine provided rapid and prolonged symptom resolution in addition to endoscopic remission at Month 12. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of European Crohn’s and Colitis Organisation. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email journals.permissions@oup.com.OBJECTIVES The amount of intense and focused training with the specific goal to improve performance (i.e. deliberate practice) is a predictor of expert-level performance in multiple domains of psychomotor skill learning. Simulation training improves surgical skills in cardiac surgery. We established a training programme that enables early surgical exposure and assessment. We investigated the training effects in coronary surgery simulations in trainees with different levels of surgical experience. METHODS The early surgical exposure and assessment programme comprises a low- and high-fidelity simulation, self-organized training, instructed workshops and a stepwise challenge increase. Performance was assessed with a multidimensional skill matrix using video recordings. Two groups of trainees [students (N = 7), 1-/2-year residents (N = 6)] completed introductory training (pretraining, level 1) and two 3-week training periods (levels 2 and 3). Fellows (N = 6) served as controls. Residents and students underwent dery. All rights reserved.Straw return is widely applied to increase soil fertility and soil organic carbon storage. However, its effect on N2O emissions from paddy soil and the associated microbial mechanisms are still unclear. In this study, wheat straw was amended to two paddy soils (2%&nbsp;w/w) from Taizhou (TZ) and Yixing (YX), China, which were flooded and incubated for 30 d. Real-time PCR and Illumina sequencing were used to characterize changes in denitrifying functional gene abundance and denitrifying bacterial communities. Compared to unamended controls, straw addition significantly decreased accumulated N2O emissions in both TZ (5071 to 96&nbsp;mg kg-1) and YX (1501 to 112&nbsp;mg kg-1). This was mainly due to reduced N2O production with decreased abundance of major genera of nirK and nirS-bacterial communities and reduced nirK and nirS gene abundances. Further&nbsp;analyses showed that nirK-, nirS-, and nosZ-bacterial community composition shifted mainly along the easily oxidizable carbon (EOC) arrows following straw amendment among 4 different soil organic carbon fractions, suggesting that increased EOC was the main driver of alerted denitrifying bacterial community composition. This study revealed straw return suppressed N2O emission via altering denitrifying bacterial community compositions and highlighted the importance of EOC in controlling denitrifying bacterial communities. © FEMS 2020.