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120, p&lt; 0.05) when compared with shaded habitats.<br /><br /> The current study demonstrated <br /><br /> s.l., the principal malaria vector in the country, is the predominant species in the larval sampling habitats. It was also noted the importance of edge of stream as larva breeding habitats for this species during the dry season of the year. Therefore, attention should be given for this breeding habitat for control of the vector during dry season.<br /><br />The current study demonstrated An. gambiae s.l., the principal malaria vector in the country, is the predominant species in the larval sampling habitats. It was also noted the importance of edge of stream as larva breeding habitats for this species during the dry season of the year. Therefore, attention should be given for this breeding habitat for control of the vector during dry season.<br /><br /> Lectin molecules have crucial biological role in insects' immune system. The aim of present study was to find the agglutinin activities in haemolymph of German cockroach, <br /><br /> with appropriate screening and purification.<br /><br /> The heamolymph of cockroach was collected and agglutinin test performed against different animal and human red blood cells (RBC). Then sugar inhibition assay was carried out to find carbohydrate specific binding lectin. The proteins of haemolymph was purified using ion-exchange chromatography (HPLC) and each fraction was tested for agglutinin activity. Finally the molecular weight of the agglutinin protein was determined using SDS-page.<br /><br /> The most agglutinin activity of haemolymph was found against RBC of mouse at titer 1/128ml/L dilution and sugar inhibition assay showed that fucos, N-acetyglucoseamine and galactose reduced titer of agglutinin to ½ml/L. Only one fraction of heamolymph at rotation time of 36 minute showed agglutinin activity. The molecular weight of this lectin was measured as 120Kds.<br /><br /> The range of agglutinin activities against different RBC indicates that the isolated lectin is not specific for a particular carbohydrate. In addition, the isolated lectin at low concentration present in heamolymph should be an innate lactin not secreted, because we found it without any trigger immunity of the insect.<br /><br />The range of agglutinin activities against different RBC indicates that the isolated lectin is not specific for a particular carbohydrate. In addition, the isolated lectin at low concentration present in heamolymph should be an innate lactin not secreted, because we found it without any trigger immunity of the insect.<br /><br /> Esfahan Province is considered as one of the main focus of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) in Iran. Recently, ZCL distribution is expanding through this province leading to report of new cases in non-endemic areas. In the current study epidemiological aspects of ZCL has been investigated in Naein County in Esfahan Province.<br /><br /> Adult sand flies were collected from beginning to the end of their seasonal activity. Rodents were caught by Sherman live traps once a month for one year. To active case detection, a hundred households in each selected village were visited in November and December 2016. Nested-PCR was employed to detect <br /><br /> parasite in the vector, reservoir and human.<br /><br /> Totally 1562 sand flies including <br /><br /> , <br /><br /> , <br /><br /> and <br /><br /> were collected and identified. No <br /><br /> infection was detected in the collected sand flies. All of the 30 collected rodents were identified as <br /><br /> , and of these 3.3% and 26.7% were infected by <br /><br /> using microscopic and molecular technique respectively. Totally, 914 individuals were investigated and the ulcer and scar rates of ZCL calculated to be at 1.1 and 15.3 per 1000 population, respectively. Molecular results confirmed <br /><br /> infection in human and reservoir samples.<br /><br /> It is concluded that ZCL is established in the area in low endemicity, and it is extrapolated the disease will not be a serious increasing health problem in the near future in this region.<br /><br />It is concluded that ZCL is established in the area in low endemicity, and it is extrapolated the disease will not be a serious increasing health problem in the near future in this region.<br /><br /> Anaplasmosis and Ehrlichiosis are the most important tick-borne diseases. This study was conducted in three cities of Kerman Province in Iran to investigate the circulation of the bacteria in ticks collected from sheep.<br /><br /> Ticks were collected from animals using Srkj forceps and transferred to the Entomology lab in cold chain. After specimen's identification, they kept at -70 °C. Tick DNA was extracted using Bioneers DNA extraction kits followed by Nested PCR technique to amplify ribosomal 16S rRNA gene to detect <br /><br /> infection in ticks.<br /><br /> 472 sheep were examined from which 349 ticks were collected and identified in laboratory using valid keys. Tick specimens belonged to two genera and four species; <br /><br /> (62.47%) was the most frequent and <br /><br /> (5.73%) showed the least abundance. The infestation rate to different tick species was different in three regions of Kerman Province. Observation revealed that 24 specimens (58.3%) were positive for <br /><br /> . There is a significant difference between male and female infection rate. However, there is no significant difference between these variables in each of these cities.<br /><br /> This study shows high infection rates to Anaplasma in hard ticks. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/mek162.html MEK162 supplier] It is essential for health and veterinary authorities and farmers to use appropriate strategies to control ticks to reduce the infestation.<br /><br />This study shows high infection rates to Anaplasma in hard ticks. It is essential for health and veterinary authorities and farmers to use appropriate strategies to control ticks to reduce the infestation.<br /><br /> To identify African-American seniors' perceptions of the barriers and facilitators to their dental care.<br /><br /> In this cross-sectional qualitative study, we conducted in-depth interviews with 16 community-based, self-identified African-American seniors from March 2017 to August 2017 in Oregon. We coded data in ATLAS. ti and used thematic analysis to identify emergent themes within the social ecological framework and a cross-case comparative analysis to explore variation by participant characteristics.<br /><br /> Regardless of dental insurance status, cost and perceived urgency of treatment were the primary drivers of participant's ability and interest in seeking dental care. Participants identified four solutions to improve oral health care in African-American seniors affordable/free care and vouchers for dental work, better oral health education at a younger age, onsite community dental services, and navigators who can educate patients about insurance and dental providers who see low-income patients.<br /><br /> Oral health decisions by African-American seniors were primarily driven by cost and perceived urgency irrespective of insurance coverage.