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The LSs in most villages (77%) revealed trade-offs, and the villages with LS synergies largely occurred in the middle and eastern regions of the study area. This study could improve our current understanding of LSs in regard to sustainable rural development, and identifying the trade-offs/synergies of LSs in a spatially explicit way can provide suggestions for the differentiated management of rural landscape sustainability.Despite the various benefits of humus, the changes in its chemical characteristics during composting in response to biochar addition and varying bulking agents remain to be further explored. In this study, three treatments were conducted, in which swine manure, bulking agent, and biochar were mixed at ratios of 410, 810, and 811. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (13C-NMR), three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy (3D-EEM), and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) were employed to characterize the chemical and structural properties of humus from multiple perspectives. The 3D-EEM spectra in this study showed a larger increase in humic acids (HAs) content (56%) and HAs to fulvic acids ratio (128%) during composting, indicating stronger humification in biochar-amended treatment. FTIR, 13C-NMR, and NEXAFS all confirmed the essential properties of HA as the core agronomic functional substance with rich aromatic and carboxyl groups, and that its aromaticity increased gradually during composting. In addition, 13C-NMR demonstrated that biochar addition and a relatively higher bulking agent ratio aided an increase in the carboxyl C proportion in HA after composting. In particular, NEXAFS revealed that biochar addition promoted the diversification of C, N, and O species in HA, with the emergence of quinone C and O-alkyl C as the main representatives. This work suggests that biochar addition and a relatively high bulking agent ratio could enhance humification and improve the agronomic function of humus.<br /><br /> Continuous relative phase (CRP) has gained popularity to assess movement performances in recent decades.<br /><br /> The application and interpretation of CRP in common movements such as running and jumping are still unclear.<br /><br /> This systematic review summarized the current applications, methodology, parameters of interest, and interpretations of CRP variables in running and jumping. Reviewed articles were found in five databases from January 1999 to December 2020, and 1613 records were obtained. After applying selection criteria and analysis of study quality to titles, abstracts, and full texts, 38 articles were identified for subsequent review.<br /><br /> Twenty-eight reviewed articles relating to running were found to compare the coordination among pathological gait, footwear designs, running speed, gender, age, running level, fatigue state, and treadmill effect. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/cx-5461.html click here] In addition, ten reviewed articles relating to jumping were found to compare the coordination among different types of jump (e.g., squat jump coordination, counter can provide meaningful interpretation of movement behavior.<br /><br /> We aimed to estimate the prevalence of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) related fat malabsorption &amp; to correlate it with measures of autonomic neuropathy in patients with T2DM from India.<br /><br /> Patients with T2DM (cases; n=118) and normo-glycaemic individuals (controls; n=82) underwent anthropometry and biochemical evaluation at baseline. The 72-hours fecal fat excretion was estimated by the Van de Kamer's titration method. Autonomic neuropathy was evaluated using an automated analyzer.<br /><br /> The prevalence of EPI related fat malabsorption in cases was 45% (n=53; 72hours mean fecal fat level=22.7±5.6g/day). Dysfunctions in the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS; 86.7%; p&lt;0.05), sympathetic nervous system (SNS; 92.4%; p&lt;0.05), and both; PNS+SNS (83.1%; p&lt;0.05) were significant. Amongst measures of PNS dysfunction, there was a significantly higher percentage of abnormal expiration inspiration ratio (45.3%) and the 3015 ratio (84.9%) (p&lt;0.05) in patients with T2DM and EPI related fat malabsorption.<br /><br /> In this cross-sectional cohort of Asian Indian patients with T2DM (n=118), EPI related fat malabsorption correlates significantly with autonomic dysfunction in patients with T2DM. However, these preliminary data need to confirmed in trials with more robust design.<br /><br />In this cross-sectional cohort of Asian Indian patients with T2DM (n = 118), EPI related fat malabsorption correlates significantly with autonomic dysfunction in patients with T2DM. However, these preliminary data need to confirmed in trials with more robust design.<br /><br /> Evaluate for differences in demographic and clinical characteristics between older oncology patients with low multimorbidity (&lt;2 multimorbidities) and high multimorbidity (≥2 multimorbidities) and evaluate for differences in symptom occurrence, severity, and distress ratings between the two groups.<br /><br /> Symptoms of older oncology patients (n=125) were assessed using the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale prior to chemotherapy administration. Data were analyzed using t-tests for continuous variables and Chi-square or Fisher's exact tests for categorical variables.<br /><br /> For the total sample, lack of energy and pain were the two most common symptoms. Compared to the low multimorbidity group, the high multimorbidity group had a higher number of symptoms and significantly higher occurrence rates for feeling nervous, difficulty sleeping, dry mouth, and pain. Compared to the low multimorbidity group, the high multimorbidity group had significantly higher severity ratings for pain, feeling sad, lack of energy, feeling and initiate referrals for interventions.<br /><br /> Couples are usually affected by cancer as patient-partner dyads, and they may react as a unit rather than as individuals, i.e., dyadic coping. This paper aims to comprehensively summarise the relationship between dyadic coping and dyadic outcomes (relationship satisfaction, quality of life, and psychological adjustment) in cancer couples, and provide valuable evidence to guide future research.<br /><br /> A systematic search of five online databases, e.g., Cochrane Library, Embase, Medline, PubMed, and PsycINFO, was conducted to identify cancer couple-based studies published in English or Chinese from January 1990 to March 2021. A manual search was also performed on the article reference lists.<br /><br /> Twenty-eight studies met the inclusion criteria. We found that communication, supportive dyadic coping, delegated dyadic coping and common dyadic coping might strengthen marital bonds, alleviate couples' stress, and facilitate mental health, but on the other hand, they possibly increase patients' and/or partners' physical or psychological burden. Negative dyadic coping and protective buffering were related to lower relationship satisfaction, worse quality of life, and more depressive symptoms. Patients reported more self-emotional disclosure, common dyadic coping, and negative dyadic coping than partners, while partners showed more holding back, supportive dyadic coping, delegated dyadic coping, and protective buffering. Moreover, patients were more susceptible to dyadic coping strategies.<br /><br /> This review provides a comprehensive overview of the relationship between dyadic coping and dyadic outcomes. Based on the available evidence, the development of personalised interventions for improving dyadic coping is required to help couples live better with cancer.<br /><br />This review provides a comprehensive overview of the relationship between dyadic coping and dyadic outcomes. Based on the available evidence, the development of personalised interventions for improving dyadic coping is required to help couples live better with cancer.Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production via glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation is essential for the maintenance of flagellar motility in sperm; however, the primary energy production pathways supporting fertilization vary among species. Inconsistency in thought exists regarding which pathways maintain ATP production and sperm motility in poultry. Glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidation contribute to flagellar motion in chicken sperm, but the relative dependence on these pathways for motility and penetrability into the inner perivitelline layer remains unclear. In the present study, there was use of various inhibitors and energy substrates to evaluate the relative contribution of anaerobic glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidation to chicken sperm flagellar motility, ATP production, and penetrating capacity through the perivitelline layer. Although both pathways contributed to these processes to varying extent, glucose was the primary substrate for sperm penetration into the inner perivitelline layer in chickens. Furthermore, results from metabolic stress analyses indicated that there was less perivitelline penetrability in response to pyruvate that was not due to changes in reactive oxygen species or intracellular pH. Overall, results from the present study indicate glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidation pathways have distinct functions in the flagellar motility and penetrability of the perivitelline membrane by rooster sperm. There, therefore, are new insights as a result of findings in the present study into the energy production system of sperm through which there is utilization of extracellular metabolic substrates for maintaining sperm fertilization capacity.Brazilian spotted fever (BSF) is an acute infectious disease caused by the bacterium Rickettsia rickettsii, which is transmitted by different tick species. Due to deleterious effects caused on ticks, the horizontal transmission of R. rickettsii through amplifying hosts is crucial for its maintenance in tick populations among BSF-endemic areas. The tick Amblyomma aureolatum is the main vector of R. rickettsii in the São Paulo metropolitan area; nevertheless, it is not known which vertebrate could act as an amplifying host for this tick species. Herein, we evaluated the potential of domestic dogs - primary hosts for A. aureolatum adults in BSF-endemic areas - to act as amplifying hosts. For this purpose, A. aureolatum non-infected adults were allowed to feed on two groups of dogs the control group (G1), composed of one dog not exposed to R. rickettsii; and, the infected group (G2), composed of three dogs infected with R. rickettsii via tick parasitism. All G2-dogs became ill, seroconverted to R. rickettsii, and rickettsial DNA was detected in 87% of the engorged females that fed on them. Transovarial transmission rate was estimated to be 25% and infected larvae successfully transmitted R. rickettsii to guinea-pigs, confirming transovarial transmission and vector competence. No rickettsial DNA was detected in individual samples of eggs or larvae, which precluded the estimation of filial infection rate, but implies that it was low. Our results suggest that domestic dogs act as amplifying hosts of R. rickettsii for A. aureolatum ticks in BSF-endemic areas in Brazil.This study assessed the duration of tick attachment necessary for a successful transmission of Anaplasma phagocytophilum by an infected I. scapularis nymph. Individual nymphs were placed upon BALB/c mice and allowed to feed for predetermined time intervals of 4 to 72 h. Ticks removed from mice at predetermined intervals were tested by PCR for verification of infection and evaluation of the bacterial load. The success of pathogen transmission to mice was assessed by blood-PCR at 7, 14 and 21 days postinfestation, and IFA at 21 days postinfestation. Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection was documented in 10-30 % of mice, from which ticks were removed within the first 20 h of feeding. However, transmission success was ≥70% if ticks remained attached for 36 h or longer. Notably, none of the PCR-positive mice that were exposed to infected ticks for 4 to 8 h and only half of PCR-positive mice exposed for 24 h developed antibodies within 3 weeks postinfestation. On the other hand, all mice with detectable bacteremia after being infested for 36 h seroconverted.